Feedback Mechanisms Flashcards
The collection of glands that products hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things
endocrine system
are chemical substances produced by endocrine gland
hormones
the tendency for an organism or cell to maintain a constant internal environment within tolerance limits
in simpler terms, its a process of self regulating. Maintaining internal stability while adjusting to external change
homeostasis
physiological processes are commonly moderated via two distinct feedback mechanisms:
positive and negative feedback
cannot make their own food
heterotrophic
its job is to break down large, complex molecules to small, simpler molecules absorbable by cells
digestive system
animals can be classified into two
invertebrates and vertebrates
animals having gastrovascular cavity include
platyhelminthes and cnidaria
they digest their food a tube or cavity with only one opening that serves as both mouth and anus
gastrovascular cavity
a pathway which recieves food through mouth on one end and eliminates wastes through the anus on another
alimentary canal
what are the four types of digestive systems among vertebrates
monogastric, avian, ruminant, and pseudo-ruminant
single stomach chamber
monogastric digestive system
process by which animals take in food using their mouth
ingestion
process by which food is broken down in mouth mechanically
mastication
what does saliva contain
ptyalin
what do birds NOT do with their food
masticate
this is where food is stored in birds
crop
where gastric juices are secreted to digest the food in birds
proventriculus
where the food is mechanically ground in birds
gizzard
what is a characteristic found in ruminant digestive systems?
polygastric
the multiple compartments of a ruminant digestive system
rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum
largest chamber of a ruminant digestive system
rumen
bacteria found in rumen are
cellulomonas
small pouch that traps foreign materials which the ruminant animal may have swallowed
reticulum
grinds the food and water from it (ruminant animal)
omasum
serves as true stomach that it functions similarly as the stomach of monogastric animals
abomasum
a digestive chamber where stomach has three chambers
pseudo-ruminant digestive system
three chambers of pseudo ruminant digestive system
reticulum, omasum, and abomasum
consists of organs that allow gas exchange
respiratory system
respiratory organs
skin, gills, tracheal system, and lungs
where does diffusion take place in a worm
thin skin
breathing organ of a frog
lungs
what do fish and other aquatic organisms use for gas exchange
gills
two types of gills:
internal and external
insects breathe with a network of tiny tubes called
tracheae
pair of organs divided into small chambers filled with capillaries
lungs
air enters the body through the
nasal cavity
two main bronchi of trachea
left and right bronchus
bronchi is subdivided into
bronchioles
also called airsacs, main site of gas exchange (in humans)
alveoli
under the lungs is a dome shaped muscle called the
diaphragm
