Plant Evolution / taxonomy Flashcards
Heteroproph
Must consume plants animals, fungi, etc as a food source
Autotroph
produce own food (plant for example)
Trophic pyramid
How food enrgy is passed through the food chain
Current global food production can sustain earth IF ____
there is radical social change to consume more plants and more parts of plants
Ecosystem service
benefit provided to humans by the natural environment
Where is most of the C on earth
the ground
2x as much as the atmosphere
How does carbon get into the soil
Plants
help reverse climate change
How do roots help climate change
Absorb N and P to not getting into waterways
also helps prevent soil erosion
What common ancestor do plants come from
green algae
territorialization
WHen plants left sea and colonized land
Result of territorialization
increased o2 in atmosphere
nutrients were scavenged from rocks
soils were built up by plants
energy and o2 provided by plants supported animal evolution
3 things for evolution
inheritible
over time
to a population
anthropomorphism
to give a plant human characteristics
teleology
perceiving or assuming things as having a purpose rather than understanding the cause by which these things came to exist
taxonomy
study of classification and how we organize living things
why do taxonomists use latin
its a dead language, wont change
prokaryotes
single celled organisms, dna in nucleus
eukaryotes
single or multicellular organisms w a membrane and dna in nucleus
domain
highest level of taxonomy
3 domains
bacteria- pro
Archaea- pro
eukaryotes- eykaryotes (plants)
Domain - species
Domain kingdom phylum class order family genus species
Kingdom (4)
animalia
plantae
fungi
protista (diatoms)
Not all things that do photosynthesis are plants
not all plants do photosynthesis
Plants two groups (in phylum)
vascular and non-vascular plants
gynosperms
naked seeds
x produce flowers
Angiosperms
make flowers
seeds develop within a fruit
only one phylum : magnoliophyta
2 classes withing magnoliophyte phylum
liliopsida (monocots)
Magnoliopsida (dicots)
Species
closely related group that shre similar characterists and can interbreed and produce viable offspring
Binomial nomenclature
2 names used to identify a species
Genus + _____ = species name
Specific epithet
specific epithet
the second part of the species name
Subspecies
Populationso f plants that are the same species but are permanently geographically isolated so not interbreeding
domestication
wild plants evolve into a crop plant through artifical selection (humans select for certain traits)
is genetically altered the same as genetic engineering
no, (old corn vs new corn
qualities of a Variety of a plant
Has unique and stable chararcteistics
plant a seed from variety, plant that grows will look and act like parent plant
the plants look / act differently than other plants within a species
variety name comes before or after species name
after
hybrid
2 parents from diff species reproduce togteher and produce an offspring
intraspecific hybrid
cross between 2 parents that are from the same species, but they are 2 different varieties
Why do breeders make plants genetically uniform
harvest at same time, chemically treat at the same time, mamagement easierq
intraspecific hybrid
(F1 Cross)
crossing 2 genetically unform parents to create intraspecific hybrid
Genetic Engineering
manipulation of an organisms genes by introducing eliminating or rearranging specific genes using th emethods of modern molecular biology
Genetic Modification
Genetic engineering or natrually selecting
Cultivar
cultivated variety
produced by human intervention and maintained through human management
Are cultivars bred for specific characteristics
yes
What happens if a seed is planted from a cultivarq
it wont resemble its parents
How can a cultivar be created
hybrid
genetic engineering
rarely ever captured from wild and maintained
Carl Linnaeus
taxonomy guy linnaean classification
