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Biology 1040 > Plant Evolution and Diversity > Flashcards

Plant Evolution and Diversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Alternation of Generations

A

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid from, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte

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2
Q

Angiosperm

A

A flowering plant that forms seeds in the ovary

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3
Q

Anther

A

A sac located at the tip of a flowers stamen; contains male sporangia in which meiosis occurs to produce spores the form the male gametophytes

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4
Q

Antheridium

A

a saclike structure made up of a jacket of sterile cells one cell thick; it encloses many cells, each of which, when mature, produce one sperm

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5
Q

Apical Meristem

A

Growth-producing regions of cell division found near the tips of roots and stems

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6
Q

Arbuscule

A

the site of nutrients exchange between the plant and the fungi

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7
Q

Archegonium

A

the female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses.

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8
Q

Ascus

A

a saclike structure enclosing the ascospores.

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9
Q

Bryophyte

A

A plant that lacks xylem and phloem; a seedless nonvascular plant; include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts; a group of plant species that reproduce via spores rather than flowers or seeds.

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10
Q

Calyx

A

The outermost whorl of the flower; Sepals are the functional units

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11
Q

Carpel

A

The female part of the flower; consisting of a stalk, ovary and stigma, which traps pollen

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12
Q

Stigma

A

the part where the pollen lands and starts the fertilization process.

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13
Q

Style

A

a long, slender stalk that connects the stigma and the ovary.

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14
Q

Ovary

A

The basal portion of the carpel in which the containing ovules develop

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15
Q

Chitin

A

a strong, flexible nitrogen-containing polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls in fungi

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16
Q

Corolla

A

a collection of petals that strongly displays color and encircles the stamen and carpel, the reproductive organs of a flower.

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17
Q

Cuticle

A

a waxy coating on the surface of stems and leaves that helps retain water

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18
Q

Diploid Generation

A

sporophyte generation, produces spores asexually

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19
Q

Double fertilization

A

In flowering plants, the formation of both a zygote and a cell with a triploid nucleus, which develops into the endosperm.

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20
Q

Embryophyte

A

Another name for land plants

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21
Q

Endosperm

A

In flowering plants, a nutrient-rich mass formed by the union of a sperm cell with two nuclei during double fertilization; provides nourishment to the developing embryo in the seed

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22
Q

Fossil Fuel

A

an energy containing deposit of organic material formed from the remains of ancient organisms

23
Q

Fruit

A

the ripened ovary of a flower; protects developing seeds and aids in their dispersal

24
Q

Fungus

A

any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

25
Q

Gametangium

A

A reproductive organ that houses and protects the gametes of the plant

26
Q

Gametophyte

A

The multicellular haploid from in the life cycle; produces haploid gametes that unite and grow into the sporophyte generation

27
Q

Gymnosperm

A

A naked seed plants; not enclosed in an ovary

28
Q

Haploid Generation

A

The sexual phase; gametophyte generation; produces gametes, or sex cells

29
Q

Heterokaryotic Stage

A

A fungal life cycle stage that contains two genetically different haploid nuclei in the same cell

30
Q

Lignin

A

A chemical that hardens the cell wall of plants

31
Q

Mold

A

rapidly growing fungus that reproduces asexually by producing spores, often at the tips of specialized hyphae.

32
Q

Ovule

A

In seed plants, a structure that develops within the female cone (in gymnosperms) or ovary (angiosperms) that contains the female gametophyte

33
Q

Parasite

A

obtains nutrients at the expense of living plants or animals; harms the organism

34
Q

Petal

A

A modified leaf of a flowering plant; colorful to attract pollinators

35
Q

Phloem

A

living cells that distribute sugars throughout the plant

36
Q

Pollen Grains

A

The structure that will produce the sperm in seed plants; the male gametophyte

37
Q

Seed

A

consists of an embryo packaged with a food supply within a protective covering.

38
Q

Seed Coat

A

A tough outer covering of the seed, formed from the tissue surrounding the ovule

39
Q

Seedless Vascular Plants

A

The lycophytes (such as club mosses) and the widespread monilophytes (ferns and their relatives)

40
Q

Sepal

A

A modified leaf of a flowering plant; protects flower bud before it opens

41
Q

Sorus

A

brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves

42
Q

Sporangium

A

A structure in fungi and plants which meiosis occurs and haploid spores develop

43
Q

Spore

A

A haploid cell that can develop into a new organism without fusing with another cell.

44
Q

Sporophyte

A

The multicellular diploid from of the life cycle; results from a union of gametes and meiotically produces haploid spores that grow into the gametophyte generation

45
Q

Stamen

A

A pollen producing male reproductive part of the flower; consisting of an anther that is supported by a filament

46
Q

Filament

A

The thin stalk that supports the anther in the male portion of the flower.

47
Q

Stoma

A

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of a leaf. When open, CO2 enters a leaf, and H2O and O2 exit. When closed, a plant conserves water

48
Q

Summer Wood

A

the wood that is produced by a plant near the end of the growing season: consists of small thick-walled xylem cells

49
Q

Vascular Plant

A

A plant with xylem and phloem

50
Q

Vascular Tissue

A

a network of thick-walled cells joined into narrow tubes that extend throughout the plant body that transport water and nutrients

51
Q

Xylem

A

dead cells that form microscopic pipes conveying water and minerals up from the roots.

52
Q

Yeast

A

refers to any single-celled fungus; reproduce asexually by cell division, often by budding; inhabit liquid or moist habitats

53
Q

Zygote

A

The diploid fertilized egg, which results from the union of a sperm cell nucleus and an egg cell nucleus.

54
Q

Zygote Fungus

A

name comes from forming special sexual spore is called zygospore, which is resistant spherical spores are formed during sexual reproduction

Biology 1040 (6 decks)

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