Plant development - lecture 2 abc stuff Flashcards
What are the three differences between plant and animal life cycles/development?
Post embryonic development, cell movement and planes of divison and totipotency.
Where does most of the development take place for an animal?
In the embryonic stage.
What are the main female reproductive parts of a flower?
The carpel which is fused to form a pistil which contains the eggs.
What are the main parts of the pistel, the female reproductive area of a plant?
A stigma, a style and the ovary.
What are the male reproductive parts of a flower?
The stamen, which is made up of anthers and filaments.
What is the gametophyte stage in the plant life cycle?
The gamete producing and haploid stage.
When do plants develop most of their organs?
After the embryonic stage - unlike animals.
What is the endosperm?
Part of the seed that acts as a food store for the developing plant embryo.
What are root apical meristems?
A group of undifferentiated cells that give rise to all of the below-ground tissues.
What are shoot apical meristems?
A group of undifferentiated cells that give rise to all of the above-ground tissues. They grow away from the plant in one direction only.
Why can’t plant cells move during embryonic development?
They have cell walls that cement them in place.
How do plants overcome the problem with cell movement during development?
The development of form is dictated by division planes and expansion of immobilised cells.
What are the two types of plant divisions?
Anticlinal divisions (cell plate at a right angle to the surface) and periclinal divisions (cell plate parallel to the surface).
What is totipotency?
The ability of a cell to give rise to all other cell types they came from.
What is the difference between multipotent stem cells and totipotent stem cells?
Multipotent stem cells can only give rise to some cell types , not all.
Why do plants contain totipotent stem cells but not animals?
Animals can run away from danger but plants cannot. They are more likely to be damaged.
What is a callus?
A mass of undifferentiated cells.
How is a plant pollinated?
Pollen moves from the stamen of one flower to the stigma of another flower.
How many nuclei does a fertilised egg contain in a plant?
2.
What are the four stages the embryo goes through after fertilisation in a plant?
The two-celled proembryo, the globular embryo, the heart embryo and the walking-stick embryo.
What change occurs from the globular embryo to the heart embryo?
Two cotyledons form.
How many days after fertilisation will the walking-stick embryo form?
9 days.
What is the significance of the symmetric division in plants?
It means that the cells are no longer identical. (?)
What is the difference between physical symmetry and molecular symmetry?
Physical symmetry is the daughter cells being the same size whereas molecular symmetry is molecules such as RNase being evenly distributed throughout the two cells.
