Plant Development and Food Security Flashcards
what are the 4 major crops
maize (corn)
rice
wheat
potatoes
(in order
how much land is used for agriculture
over 50% of habitable land
where do the vast majority of calories consumed globally come from
cereals
what is the domestication of plants (cereals)
selection of developmental traits that increase grain yield
what changes were made to cereal plants to domesticate them
loss of seed shattering
loss of vernalisation requirement
increased yield per plant
reduced height
reduced dormancy
what genetic change was made that led to non-shattering rice
a single nucleotide polymorphism at the 5’ end of a single transcription factor
which two maize genes were changed and what effect did they have
suppression of TGA which promotes development of a tough case around kernel
promotion of TB1 which supresses branching and promotes a single stalk with more on it
how was high-yield, submergence resistant rice created by MAS
Swarna (high yield) rice was crossed with sub1a (submergence resistant) rice
what was the green revolution
introduction of semi-dwarf varieties of plants in response to the ‘Population Bomb’
why were dwarf varieties of grains important for the green revolution
what made them shorter
taller plants didn’t yield as much grain
they had defective gibberellin (GA) which is responsible for stem growth
what are the two genes responsible for the green revolution
suppression of the suppressor DELLA
GA20ox
