Plant Cells, Tissues and Organs Flashcards
Why are plants important?
Produce oxygen for multicellular organisms, allowing them to survive and reproduce.
How is plant growth described? What does this mean?
Modular (growth in modules), reiterative (continuous).
What is determinate growth? Provide examples of plant parts that experience determinate growth.
Determinate development = predictable path and progress, has consistent outcome, specific stop and start times. Example: flowers, most dicot leaves
What is indeterminate growth? Provide examples of plant parts that experience indeterminate growth.
plant will continue adding new organs (leaves, stems, roots) as long as it has access to the necessary resources. Example: stem, roots
What does it mean when we say plants are developmentally adaptive? Provide an example.
When they are injured, they can use stem cells, convert other cells to stem cells and replenish the injured module. Example: all roots can produce new roots.
What are examples of organ systems in plants?
Shoot, root system, flowers
What are examples of plant organs?
lateral roots, stems, leaves
What are simple tissues?
simple tissues contain only one type of cell. The cells are very specialized for their function.
List simple primary tissues in plants and their corresponding cells.
Parenchyma (cells), collenchyma (cells), sclerenchyma (fibers, sclerids), root endodermis (endodermal cells), pericycle (cells).
Is the pericycle cell the same in the xylem and phloem?
pericycle cells have different developmental potential and gene expression in the xylem compared to the phloem.
What cellular components do parenchyma cells have?
Thin primary cell wall (usually unlignified), nucleus, cytoplasm, one (or more)
vacuoles.
What are parenchyma cell walls made of?
cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin
What colour does the primary cell wall of parenchyma typically stain under TBO?
Pink (because of pectin)
What are some functions of the parenchyma?
Photosynthesis, storage, pith, local transport.
What type of cells are present in this image?
Parenchyma
What type of cells are present in this image? (IN centre)
Parenchyma
How do collenchyma cells arise?
Diffrentiated parenchyma cells.
Are collenchyma cells dead or alive at maturity?
Alive.
Describe the cell wall of collenchyma cells and the advantages of its features.
Thickened primary cell wall
*offers more support
Usually not lignified
*Allows for further growth.
What colour to collenchyma cell walls stain under TBO?
Darker pink-purple. (pectin)
What are functions of the collenchyma?
Support, protection.
What type of cells are showcased in this image?
Collenchyma.
Are sclerenchyma cells dead or alive at maturity? Why?
secondary cell wall often takes up most cellular space, which is why it is dead at maturity.
Explain the cell wall of slerenchyma cells.
Thickened primary & secondary cell walls (usually lignified).
What colour do sclerenchyma cells stain under TBO?
Blue/Blue green (lignin)
What are functions of slcerenchyma cells?
Support, protection from microorganisms
Where are the sclerenchyma cells in this image?
Blue ring
Indicate where the phloem, xylem and fibres are located in this image.
A = Xylem
B = fibers
C= phloem
List the complex primary cell tissues
Leaf mesophyll, Xylem, phloem, edpidermis, secretory tissues
What specialized cells make up the leaf mesophyll?
spongy mesophyll cells, palisade mesophyll cells
What specialized cells make up the xylem?
Fibers, parenchyma cells, tracheids, transfer cells, and (mainly in flowering plants) vessel elements.
What specialized cells make up the phloem?
Fibers, parenchyma cells, sclerids, sieve tube members and companion cells in flowering plants or sieve cells and albuminous cells in ferns and gymnosperms, transfer cells.
What specialized cells make up the epidermis?
Shoot and root epidermal cells, trichomes, guard cells, subsidiary cells