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Biology 4 > Plant Cells > Flashcards

Plant Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two fundamental differences in a plant cell compared to an animal cell?

A

1) The plant cell has a rigid cell wall

2) The plant cell contains chloroplasts

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2
Q

What is the function of a chloroplast?

A

It is the site of photosynthesis - energy from the sun is used to make storage molecules

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3
Q

What is the function of amyloplasts?

A

They are storage vacuoles in the cytoplasm that store starch

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4
Q

What is a tonoplast?

A

A vacuolar membrane that surrounds a large central vacuole

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5
Q

What is a Parenchyma?

A

A type of plant tissue found throughout the plant. They fill spaces between more specialised tissues and may themselves have certain specialised functions

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6
Q

Cellulose is a?

A

Pollysaccharide

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7
Q

What is the structural difference between α-glucose and β-glucose?

A

OH molecules are on opposite sides of the molecule in b-glucose

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8
Q

What is cellulose made up of?

A

B-glucose

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9
Q

What reaction occurs to join two b-glucose molecules together?

A

A condensation reaction

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10
Q

What type of bond forms?

A

A 1,4 glycosidic bond

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11
Q

What bonds form between cellulose chains?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

Is cellulose a long/short, branched/unbranched molecule?

A

Long unbranched molecule

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13
Q

Is cellulose soluble or insoluble?

A

Insoluble

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14
Q

What are microfibrils?

A

Bundles of 60-70 cellulose molecules

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15
Q

When are microfibrils formed?

A

When hydrogen bonds form between the -OH groups in neighbouring cellulose chains

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16
Q

How are microfibrils arranged?

A

They are wound in a helical arrangement around the cell

17
Q

How are the layers of microfibrils laid down?

A

At angles - forming a composite structure

18
Q

How are microfibrils stuck together?

A

With a polysaccharide glue

19
Q

What is a polysaccharide glue composed of?

A

Hemicelluloses and pectins

20
Q

What does the polysaccharide glue bind to?

A

The surface of the cellulose and to each other, holding the cellulose microfibrils together

21
Q

What are pectins also important for?

A

Holding or cementing cells together in the middle lamella

22
Q

The arrangement of the cellulose microfibrils make the cellulose cell walls very?

A

Strong and flexible

23
Q

What are plasmodesmata?

A

Narrow fluid filled channels that cross the cell walls making the cytoplasm of one cell continuous with the cytoplasm of the next

24
Q

What two things are cell walls fully permeable to?

A

Water and solutes

25
Q

What is a pit?

A

A place along the cell wall that is thin because only the first layer of cellulose is deposited there, resulting in a pit

Biology 4 (8 decks)

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