Naming and Classification Flashcards
What system of naming organisms is still in use today?
The binomial system
What is the first word in the two-part latin name called?
The genus, it is shared by all closely related species
What does the second word define?
The particular species in the genus
What is taxonomy?
Placing organisms into groups based on shared features resulting in a manageable number of categories
What is a taxonomic hierarchy?
A series of taxa in which the members all share one or more common feature or homologie
What are the five Kingdoms? (in order)
Animalia, plantae, fungi, protoctista, Prokaryotae
What are the seven groups (in order, becoming more specific)
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
What is the description for animalia?
Multicellular eukaryotes that are autotrophs, organisms that obtain energy as ‘ready made’ organic molecules by ingesting material from other organisms
What is the description for plantae
Multicellular eukaryotes that are autotrophs, organisms that make their own organic molecules by photosynthesis (except a few parasites)
What is the description for fungi?
Multicellular eukaryotes that are heterotrophs (absorb nutrients from decaying matter after external digestion).
What is the description for protoctista?
Eukaryotes that photosynthesis or feed on organic matter from other sources but are not included in the other kingdoms, includes single celled protozoa, such as Amoeba and Paramecium and algae
What is the description of prokaryotae?
Prokaryotic organisms, includes the bacteria and blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria)
What did Woese propose?
That Archaea were the third branch of life alongside Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
What evidence did Woese find that led him to this conclusion?
He noticed one complete group of bacteria, the methanogens, completely lacked the sequences characteristic of bacteria
A new system devised in 1990 placed organisms in one of three domains that are above the five kingdoms, these are?
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
