plant cell components

Question 1

parts of the cell wall

Answer 1

middle lamella - outer cell wall layer, between middle cell walls

primary wall - develops first

secondary wall - develops second

plasmodesmata - aides in communication and transport between cells, small channels that transport ions, small molecules, water

Question 2

symplastic transport

Answer 2

refers to transport of small molecules, ions, and water through the plasmodesmata

Question 3

protoplast

Answer 3

contains contents of the entire cell

Question 4

parts of the nucleus

Answer 4

nuclear envelope - holds everything together like a “skin”

nucleoplasm - suspending substance for nucleus

chromatin - chromosomes/genetic info is stored here

nucleolus - rDNA and site of ribosomal subunits

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

surrounded by plasma membrane
cytosol - liquid found in cell

Question 6

organelles surrounded by TWO membranes

Answer 6

chloroplasts - capture solar energy, site of photosynthesis (plastid)

chromoplasts - food manufacturing and storage (plastid)

mitochrondria - breaks down carbohydrates, produces ATP

Question 7

organelles surrounded by ONE membrane

Answer 7

peroxisomes - produces products used by mitochondria to make ATP

tonoplast - surrounds vacuole, controls flow of water into and out of the vacuole, maintains cell turgor (pressure)

vacuoles - storage reservoir for water and salts, occupies 90% of the cell volume

Question 8

turgor pressure

Answer 8

pressure within the cell resulting from entry of water into the vacuole

cell wall is rigid, slight increase in volume causes large increase in hydrostatic pressure –> cell expansion leads to shoot and root growth

Question 9

vacuole

Answer 9

disposal sites for metabolic byproducts

remove toxic compounds (nicotine, tannins)

store pigments - anthocyanins (red, blue, purple; gives flowers and fruits their color)

Question 10

endomembrane system

Answer 10

endoplasmic reticulum
rough - aides in protein synthesis
smooth - makes lipids

golgi apparatus - modifies and repackages proteins for distribution

Question 11

cytoskeleton

Answer 11

microtubule - orderly growth of the cell wall

actin filament - cell wall deposition, organelle movement, help defend against pathogens, stresses

Question 12

ribosomes

Answer 12

sites where cells make proteins

Question 13

oil bodies

Answer 13

produced by ER, lipid storage –> distributed throughout plant, most abundant in fruits and seeds