Plant Bio 1 Flashcards
What are the general feature of a plant cell
They have lots of conserved features compared to animal and fungal cells
They have conserved organelles, structures and metabolic processes (ex. Glycolysis)
What is special about plant cells and their cell walls
What does this mean
They are each glued together by their cell walls
This causes no cell migration (ex red blood cells actually move)
How many different types of plant cells are there
Give examples
Not many, around 50
Ex. Mesophyll cells, xylem, phloem
What features of a plant cell are different than in animal cells
Plant cells have
Chloroplasts (autotrophic)
Plasmodesmata
Cells walls
Tonoplasts (bind outer membrane of the vacuole)
Central vacuole
What is a differentiated plant cell
A plant cells that has matured and has its own function
How can a differentiated plant cell reprogram and form a different cell type
First you have the differentiated specialized cell (ex leaf mesophyll cell)
The is reprograms through de differentiation
Turns into a unspecialized undifferentiated cell (ex. Callus cell)
Then it differentiates into a new cell type (ex. Xylem)
What is Totipotency
Give example
The ability of a cell to divide and produce any cell type
Basically an undifferentiated cell
Ex. Zygote or spores
Describe how a carrot plant cell dedifferentaites, divides, and turns into a complete plant
The carrot grow and has seeds
Those seedlings are put into a Petri dish
treat them with a cell wall degrading enzyme so the all that left are single cell that aren’t attached together by cell walls (protoplasts)
Put these protoplasts onto a culture plate with hormones. This forms a callus culture which is a mass of undifferentiated cells (Totipotent)
Then put there cell into a flask with different hormones to trick them into forming embryos of new plant.
What are protoplasts
What is a callus culture
Plant Cell with their cell wall removed
A Totipotent mass of undifferentiated cells that have lost their function
Why is totipotency important
Give example
It helps with making genetically modified plants
Ex. Herbicide resistance, canola oil
Explain how a particle gun can be used to make transgenic plants
You bombard the cells with dna coated pellets through a 22 cal. Gun
Ex. The dna that it’s coated with is herbicide resistance
The cell with the trans gene are selected for and induced to make complete plants with the trans gene
What is cytoplasmic streaming
Activity in and things moving throughout a single root hair
What drives cytoplasmic streaming
Give an example
Organelle movement which is driven by myosin motors on actin filaments
Ex. Movement of 100’s of golgi stacks in cells by traveling on actin filaments through the use of myosin motors
How do vesicles move throughout plant golgi stacks
Retrograde from the TGN to the export site (ER)
Of anterograde from the ER to the TGN
What is the name of the fastest myosin in plant cells
Plant myosin XI (11)
Takes 35nm step , 200 steps per second
Sit on top of the filament
