Plant & animal cells, Bacteria, DNA, Genetic engineering Flashcards
What parts do an animal and plant cell have in common?
Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria.
What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts.
What’s the role of the cell membrane?
Controls what enters and leaves the cell, e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose.
What is the nucleus and what does it do?
It’s a large structure that contains DNA - instructions for the building and working of the cell.
What is cytoplasm and what does it do?
It’s a jelly like substance that fills the cell, many chemical reactions take place here.
What’s the role of mitochondria and what are they?
They are tiny structures where respiration takes place, releasing energy for cell processes.
What’s the vacuole, where is it found and what is its role?
It’s found in a plant cell, it’s full of cell sap which keeps the cells structure rigid.
Name the main parts of a bacteria cell.
- Cell wall
- Cell membrane
- Chromosomal DNA
- Plasmid DNA
- Flagellum (sometimes)
- Cytoplasm
What is the difference between chromosomal DNA and plasmid DNA?
- Chromosomal DNA carries most of the bacterial genes
- Plasmids contain additional genes not found in chromosomes
- Chromosomal DNA is a single loop
What’s the difference between a light microscope and an electron microscope?
- A light microscope uses light to magnify objects.
- An electron microscope uses electrons to view an object.
- An electron microscope is more powerful.
What’s the maximum magnification a light microscope has?
x2000
What’s the maximum magnification an electron microscope has?
x10 Million
What is adenines base pair?
Thymine.
What’s cytosines base pair?
Guanine.
What holds the base pairs and DNA strands together?
Weak hydrogen bonds.
The nucleus contains______.
Chromosomes.
Chromosomes contain_______.
Strings of genes.
What is a gene?
A short piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
Each gene is a length of _____.
DNA.
What’s the DNA’s structure?
Double Helix.
How do you extract DNA from a kiwi?
- Mash up the kiwi and mix with salty water and detergent, this breaks open the cells and helps release the DNA from the nuclei.
- Filter the mixture and add protease enzyme to break up the cells proteins and release more DNA.
- Ice-cold ethanol is poured into the mixture, this makes the DNA separate from the liquid so it’s easy to lift out.
Who used X-Rays to study the structure of DNA?
Franklin and Wilkins.
Who helped build the double helix model?
Watson and Crick by using Franklins photographs as a final clue.
How many countries scientists collaborated to decode the human genome?
18.
