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Biology | GCSE - Edexcel - Additional > Blood, The heart, The circulatory system > Flashcards

Blood, The heart, The circulatory system Flashcards

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1
Q

What four main parts make up the blood?

A

Plasma, platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells.

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2
Q

What four main parts make up the blood?

A

Plasma, platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells.

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3
Q

What is plasma?

A

It is a yellow liquid in blood that contains and transports dissolved substances like carbon dioxide, glucose and hormones.

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4
Q

What percentage of plasma makes up the blood?

A

≈55%.

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5
Q

What are red blood cells?

A

They transport oxygen around the body in the blood. The oxygen binds to the red pigment haemoglobin and forms oxyhaemoglobin.

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6
Q

What percentage of the blood are red blood cells?

A

≈45%.

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7
Q

What shape are red blood cells?

A

Biconcave discs with a dimple on each side.

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8
Q

True or False:

Red blood cells have a nucleus.

A

False, they do not contain a nucleus so that they can carry the maximum amount of oxygen.

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9
Q

What are the two ways that white blood cells fight disease?

A
  • Some white blood cells make antibodies, these are proteins that bind to the microorganisms that cause disease and destroy them.
  • Other white blood cells surround and destroy any foreign cells that get into the body.
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10
Q

What is the role of white blood cells?

A

Fight diseases.

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11
Q

What is plasma?

A

It is a yellow liquid in blood that contains and transports dissolved substances like carbon dioxide, glucose and hormones.

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12
Q

What percentage of plasma makes up the blood?

A

≈55%.

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13
Q

The ______ ______ carries de-oxygenated to the lungs to pick up oxygen.

A

Pulmonary artery.

Remember: ‘pulmon-‘ meaning lung is latin.

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14
Q

True or False:

The atriums are on the top part of the heart, and the ventricles are at the bottom.

A

True, remember A is at ‘the top of the alphabet’ and V isn’t.

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15
Q

What shape are red blood cells?

A

Biconcave discs with a dimple on each side.

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16
Q

True or False:

Red blood cells have a nucleus.

A

False, they do not contain a nucleus so that they can carry the maximum amount of oxygen.

17
Q

What percentage do white blood cells and platelets make up in the blood?

A
18
Q

What is the role of white blood cells?

A

Some

19
Q

True or False:

White blood cells have a nucleus.

A

True.

20
Q

What are platelets?

A

They are tiny fragments of cells. They cause the blood to clot if you cut or damage your blood vessels. The clot dries and forms a scab which stops microorganisms from getting into the body.

21
Q

Why is the left side of the heart thicker?

A

More muscle is needed to create more pressure in order for the blood to travel all around the body.

22
Q

What separates the RHS and LHS of the heart?

A

The septum.

23
Q

After the blood has been oxygenated by the lungs it returns to the left ______.

A

Atrium.

24
Q

After the blood has been oxygenated by the lungs it returns to the left ______ through the pulmonary ______.

A

Atrium, vein.

25
Q

When the atrium is full, it contracts and forces the blood into the left _______.

A

Ventricle.

26
Q

When the ventricle fills up, the muscles contract again and goes through the _______ which takes the blood to the ____ __ ___ _____

A

Aorta, rest of the body.

27
Q

The ____ _____ brings blood from the body into the right _____.

A

Vena Cava, atrium.

28
Q

The right atrium fills with blood and the muscles contract which pushes through to the right ________.

A

Ventricle.

29
Q

The right ventricle fills, contracts and then forces the blood out through the _________ _______.

A

Pulmonary artery.

30
Q

What is the role of the valves?

A

Stop the back flow of blood.

31
Q

What separates the RHS and LHS of the heart?

A

The septum.

32
Q

Name the 3 main kinds of blood vessels and what they do/are.

A
  • Arteries; carry blood away from the heart (except the pulmonary) [Remember: Artery Away]
  • Veins; carry blood to the heart (except the pulmonary)
  • Capillaries; single cell thick, thin walls to aid rapid diffusion.

Biology | GCSE - Edexcel - Additional (9 decks)

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