Blood, The heart, The circulatory system Flashcards
What four main parts make up the blood?
Plasma, platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells.
What four main parts make up the blood?
Plasma, platelets, white blood cells and red blood cells.
What is plasma?
It is a yellow liquid in blood that contains and transports dissolved substances like carbon dioxide, glucose and hormones.
What percentage of plasma makes up the blood?
≈55%.
What are red blood cells?
They transport oxygen around the body in the blood. The oxygen binds to the red pigment haemoglobin and forms oxyhaemoglobin.
What percentage of the blood are red blood cells?
≈45%.
What shape are red blood cells?
Biconcave discs with a dimple on each side.
True or False:
Red blood cells have a nucleus.
False, they do not contain a nucleus so that they can carry the maximum amount of oxygen.
What are the two ways that white blood cells fight disease?
- Some white blood cells make antibodies, these are proteins that bind to the microorganisms that cause disease and destroy them.
- Other white blood cells surround and destroy any foreign cells that get into the body.
What is the role of white blood cells?
Fight diseases.
What is plasma?
It is a yellow liquid in blood that contains and transports dissolved substances like carbon dioxide, glucose and hormones.
What percentage of plasma makes up the blood?
≈55%.
The ______ ______ carries de-oxygenated to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
Pulmonary artery.
Remember: ‘pulmon-‘ meaning lung is latin.
True or False:
The atriums are on the top part of the heart, and the ventricles are at the bottom.
True, remember A is at ‘the top of the alphabet’ and V isn’t.
What shape are red blood cells?
Biconcave discs with a dimple on each side.
True or False:
Red blood cells have a nucleus.
False, they do not contain a nucleus so that they can carry the maximum amount of oxygen.
What percentage do white blood cells and platelets make up in the blood?
What is the role of white blood cells?
Some
True or False:
White blood cells have a nucleus.
True.
What are platelets?
They are tiny fragments of cells. They cause the blood to clot if you cut or damage your blood vessels. The clot dries and forms a scab which stops microorganisms from getting into the body.
Why is the left side of the heart thicker?
More muscle is needed to create more pressure in order for the blood to travel all around the body.
What separates the RHS and LHS of the heart?
The septum.
After the blood has been oxygenated by the lungs it returns to the left ______.
Atrium.
After the blood has been oxygenated by the lungs it returns to the left ______ through the pulmonary ______.
Atrium, vein.
When the atrium is full, it contracts and forces the blood into the left _______.
Ventricle.
When the ventricle fills up, the muscles contract again and goes through the _______ which takes the blood to the ____ __ ___ _____
Aorta, rest of the body.
The ____ _____ brings blood from the body into the right _____.
Vena Cava, atrium.
The right atrium fills with blood and the muscles contract which pushes through to the right ________.
Ventricle.
The right ventricle fills, contracts and then forces the blood out through the _________ _______.
Pulmonary artery.
What is the role of the valves?
Stop the back flow of blood.
What separates the RHS and LHS of the heart?
The septum.
Name the 3 main kinds of blood vessels and what they do/are.
- Arteries; carry blood away from the heart (except the pulmonary) [Remember: Artery Away]
- Veins; carry blood to the heart (except the pulmonary)
- Capillaries; single cell thick, thin walls to aid rapid diffusion.
