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Higher Biology 3 > Plant And Animal Breeding 2 > Flashcards

Plant And Animal Breeding 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Genetic Information

A

Information carried on genes in the form of DNA code.

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2
Q

Gene

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for proteins.

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3
Q

Gamete

A

A sex cell (e.g. sperm, egg, pollen)

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4
Q

Fertilisation

A

Fusion of a male gamete nucleus with a female gamete nucleus.

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5
Q

Diploid

A

Cells containing two sets of chromosomes- one from each parent- such as most body cells.

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6
Q

Haploid

A

Cells contains one set of chromosomes- such as sex cells.

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7
Q

Variations

A

Differences between individuals with a species.

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8
Q

Species

A

A group of individuals which can breed together to produce fertile offspring.

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9
Q

Discrete

A

Type of variation which can divide members of a species into two or more groups.

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10
Q

Continuous

A

Type of variation which doesn’t fit into groups, but varies in a continuous fashion from one extreme to the other.

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

The appearance/ features shown by an organism as a result of its genetic information.

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12
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic information an organism has for a particular characteristic, dictates the phenotype. Usually written as capital or lowercase letters.

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13
Q

Genetics

A

The study of inheritance.

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14
Q

P

A

Symbol for the parental generation in a cross.

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15
Q

F1

A

Symbol for the first generation produced from parents in a genetic cross.

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16
Q

F2

A

Symbol for the second generation produced by crossing members of the F1.

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17
Q

Alleles

A

Different versions of a gene.

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18
Q

Dominant

A

Describes an allele which can mask/ hide another (recessive) characteristic. The effect of this allele is always shown in the phenotype.

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19
Q

Recessive

A

An allele which can be masked by a dominant one. The effect of this allele is only seen when the cell does not have a dominant allele.

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20
Q

Homozygous

A

Genotype with two of the same allele.

21
Q

Heterozygous

A

Genotype with two different alleles.

22
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

Inheritance involving several genes.

23
Q

Punnet Square

A

Small table used to work out the results of a genetic cross.

24
Q

Carrier

A

An individual carrying a version of a gene which (together with another of the same from another individual) which can cause a condition in the offspring.

25
Q

Information carried on genes in the form of DNA code.

A

Genetic Information

26
Q

A sequence of DNA that codes for proteins.

A

Gene

27
Q

A sex cell (e.g. sperm, egg, pollen)

A

Gamete

28
Q

Fusion of a male gamete nucleus with a female gamete nucleus.

A

Fertilisation

29
Q

Cells containing two sets of chromosomes- one from each parent- such as most body cells.

A

Diploid

30
Q

Cells contains one set of chromosomes- such as sex cells.

A

Haploid

31
Q

Differences between individuals with a species.

A

Variations

32
Q

A group of individuals which can breed together to produce fertile offspring.

A

Species

33
Q

Type of variation which can divide members of a species into two or more groups.

A

Discrete

34
Q

Type of variation which doesn’t fit into groups, but varies in a continuous fashion from one extreme to the other.

A

Continuous

35
Q

The appearance/ features shown by an organism as a result of its genetic information.

A

Phenotype

36
Q

The genetic information an organism has for a particular characteristic, dictates the phenotype. Usually written as capital or lowercase letters.

A

Genotype

37
Q

The study of inheritance.

A

Genetics

38
Q

Symbol for the parental generation in a cross.

A

P

39
Q

Symbol for the first generation produced from parents in a genetic cross.

A

F1

40
Q

Symbol for the second generation produced by crossing members of the F1.

A

F2

41
Q

Different versions of a gene.

A

Alleles

42
Q

Describes an allele which can mask/ hide another (recessive) characteristic. The effect of this allele is always shown in the phenotype.

A

Dominant

43
Q

An allele which can be masked by a dominant one. The effect of this allele is only seen when the cell does not have a dominant allele.

A

Recessive

44
Q

Genotype with two of the same allele.

A

Homozygous

45
Q

Genotype with two different alleles.

A

Heterozygous

46
Q

Inheritance involving several genes.

A

Polygenic Inheritance

47
Q

Small table used to work out the results of a genetic cross.

A

Punnet Square

48
Q

An individual carrying a version of a gene which (together with another of the same from another individual) which can cause a condition in the offspring.

A

Carrier

Higher Biology 3 (4 decks)

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