Plant Anatomy Flashcards
Non-vascular plants
- do not have vascular tissue
- dependent on the process of diffusion and osmosis to transport nutrients
- examples: mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Vascular plants
-have vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) to transport nutrients
Seedless vascular plants
- sexual reproduction which involves alteration of generations
- examples: horsetails, ferns
gymnosperms
- seeds are exposed on the surface of cones
- includes conifers, cycads etc.
Angiosperms
Flowering plants, the subdivisons are based on seed leaves known as cotyledon
Monocots
contain only 1 seed leaf
examples: grasses, lilies, orchids
Dicots
- contains 2 seed leaves
- examples: asters, most trees and shrubs, buttercups
Alternation of Generations
most plants have 2 parts to their life cycle:
haploid stage
-only 1 set of chromosomes
-produce spores (dont need to be fertilized)
Diploid stage
-2 sets of chromosomes
-grows into the gametophyte portion of the plant
Leaf morphology
most leaves are broad and long to allow for maximal sun exposure and allow oxygen out and CO2 in
Dicotyledons
- the leaf blade is often connected to the stem by a petiole
- the veins in the leaf produce a net like structure
- some species have leaves divided into smaller leaflets
Monocotyledons
- the leaf blade does not contain a petiole but rather, a sheath which wraps the leaf around the stem
- the veins run parallel to one another
- leaves tend to be long and narrow
- examples: corn, grasses
meristems
areas that produce new cells (the tip of the stem, and the wood section of the stem)
Tap roots
large main root with smaller lateral roots
common in dicots
Fibrous roots
many branched roots of equal size
common in monocots
