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BDS2 PMHP > Planning and Evaluation of Health Promotion > Flashcards

Planning and Evaluation of Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

health promotion is

A

Planning and evaluation

- Getting them into good habits and lifestyles through life

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2
Q

health protection is in response to

A

public health threat

  • different to health promotion
  • trying to stop the population from getting ill
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3
Q

what is NHS Health Scotland

A

National body responsible for health promotion

Works with public, private and third sectors (charities) to reduce inequalities and improve health

Health sectors include:

  • Community and voluntary
  • Local government and NHS

Health in Scotland is steadily improving.
- Inequalities is a human tragedy which reduce economic output and increases social problems

Move to Public Health Scotland 1/04/20

  • Combination of services
  • More partnership working aids communication
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4
Q

12 NHS Health Scotland Topics

A

Diet and obesity

Alcohol

Physical activity

Gender based violence (GBV)

Mental health and well being

Smoking
(help to quit = health promotion)

Suicide

Dementia

Screening

Drugs

Immunisation

Sexual health

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5
Q

what does health promotion target

A

life stages

works predominately but not exclusively with

  • Early Years
  • Young people
  • Adults in later life, and
  • Adults in work
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6
Q

6 settings for health promotion

A

Schools

Workplace (adult equivalent)

Community

Primary care

Hospitals (secondary care)

Prisons
(high smoking rate, complex setting)

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7
Q

what is the first phase in health promotion

A

planning

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8
Q

what is planning in health promotion

A

assessment of what a client or population group needs to enable them to become more healthy
- Sit and work out, any existing things that can be utilised

Background information

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9
Q

what background information is needed for planning in health promotion (4)?

A

Epidemiology (levels of disease evidence)

What is currently available

What the group would benefit from

Information from literature searches, local reports,

  • ‘grey literature’
  • Not necessarily peer reviewed but still useful
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10
Q

what are the 7 stages in the planning framework used in health promotion (Ewles and Simnett)

A

identify needs and priorities

set aims and objectives

decide best ways to achieve the aims

identify resources

plan evaluation methods

set an action plan

ACTION - implement your plan including your evaluation

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11
Q

examples of stage 1 in planning for health promotion - identify needs and priorties

A

e.g. oral cancer
- public awareness
less than prostate or breast but large consequence to those who have it still

professional awareness & attitudes
focus on health professionals – early detection

e. g. reducing sugar in diet
- Work with manufacturers
- Public awareness
- Lobby government for extension to sugar tax
- Working with health professionals

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12
Q

what is involved in stage 2 of health promotion (set aims and objectives)

A

Set aims and objectives

Aims
- are broad goals, objectives specific and define what participants achieve at end of intervention

educational objectives
- smaller and more specific

3 types

  • knowledge: increase in level of knowledge
  • affective: change in attitudes /beliefs
  • behaviours: acquisition of new skills/competencies
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13
Q

aims

A

are broad goals, objectives specific and define what participants achieve at end of intervention

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14
Q

educational objectives

A

smaller and more specific than aims

3 types

  • knowledge: increase in level of knowledge
  • affective: change in attitudes /beliefs
  • behaviours: acquisition of new skills/competencies
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15
Q

SMART Guide to setting objectives

A

Specific
- precise

Measurable
- easily assessed, easy to compare where you are Vs now

Appropriate
- needs of individual/group

Realistic
- achievable yet challenging

Time-related
- timescale to assess changes, reasonable in time set

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16
Q

what is involved in stage 3 of health promotion planning

A

Identify appropriate methods for achieving objectives

community development – Sign posting

mass media – good but expensive

professional development

Social media

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17
Q

what is involved in stage 4 of health promotion planning

A

Identify resources

Funding the Key:
- £5000/£50,000/£5M scope of what you can achieve

people’s skills and expertise

Materials, overheads, staff, facilities

Need to make best use of the money

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18
Q

what is involved in stage 5 of health promotion planning

A

Plan evaluation methods

Evaluation is an integral aspect of all planned Health promotion activity

3 different types

  • Process
  • Impact
  • Outcome
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19
Q

what are the 3 types of evaluation

A
  • Process
  • Impact
  • Outcome
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20
Q

what is involved in stage 6 of health promotion planning

A

Setting and action plan:

identify tasks, person responsible for task

resources to be used
(artists, online resources, factor in time)

timescale/timeline

means of evaluation

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21
Q

what is the final stage (7) of the health promotion planning

A

action/implementation of plan

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22
Q

what is evaluation

A

Evaluation needs to assess results, determine whether objectives have been met, and find out if methods used were appropriate and efficient.

  • does it work
  • Worth time, energy, effort, money
  • Completed objectives
  • Methods were appropriate and efficient

Often set aside 10-15% of your budget for evaluation

Find out what doesn’t work
- Give information so others know not to follow

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23
Q

what is a key reason to evaluate a health promotion plan

A

Find out what doesn’t work
- Give information so others know not to follow

inform future plans
- justify decisions to others

24
Q

what are the 3 Es of evaluation

A

To assess what has been achieved, did an intervention have its intended effect (efficiency).

To measure its impact and whether it was worthwhile (effectiveness) like drug

To judge its cost-effectiveness and whether time/money and labour were well spent (economy)

25
Q

how is Efficiency evaluated in health promotion planning

A

To assess what has been achieved, did an intervention have its intended effect

26
Q

how is Effectiveness evaluated in health promotion planning

A

To measure its impact and whether it was worthwhile

27
Q

how is Economy evaluated in health promotion planning

A

To judge its cost-effectiveness and whether time/money and labour were well spent

28
Q

process evaluation

A

Aims to be practical

addresses process of programme implementation/dissemination

participants’ perceptions/reactions

  • speak to the audience/participants
  • what they think

‘soft’ data often collected, interviews, observations etc

tells us about the particular programme and factors responsible for success or failure.

29
Q

what does process evaluation tell us

A

tells us about the particular programme and factors responsible for success or failure.

participants’ perceptions/reactions

  • speak to the audience/participants
  • what they think
30
Q

what type of data is collected in process evaluation

A

‘soft data’

31
Q

what is impact evaluation of health promotion plan

A

refers to immediate effects, often done at end of a programme

use of questionnaires to determine change in behaviour/increase in knowledge

  • give before and after programme
  • see if they change due to

‘hard’ data collected
often done as easier to do

32
Q

what type of data is collected in impact evaluation

A

hard data

33
Q

how to collect impact evaluation of health promotion plan

A

use of questionnaires to determine change in behaviour/increase in knowledge

  • give before and after programme
  • see if they change due to
34
Q

what is outcome evaluation of health promotion plan

A

involves the assessment of longer-term effects

  • more difficult to do, but better quality
  • looks at changes in behaviour a year later
  • reduction in disease etc

more costly

Preferred method but more difficult to do.

35
Q

what does outcome evaluation assess

A

longer-term effects of health promotion plan

36
Q

7 research methods used in evaluation

A

Semi-structured interviews
- Headings on paper when chatting to focus groups

Observation

Focus groups

Self-response surveys

Interview-based surveys

Telephone interviews

use of both qualitative/quantitative useful

37
Q

what are the mass medias used in health promotion

A

can be defined as any printed or audio-visual material designed to reach a mass audience.

this includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, billboards, exhibition displays, posters and leaflets

Costly

social media has a stronger influence in younger people

38
Q

4 advantages of using mass media in health promotion

A

can raise consciousness, place health on the public agenda

convey simple information

more effective if it is part of an integrated campaign including elements such as one-to-one advice

information is ‘new’ and is seen to be relevant for the viewer

39
Q

5 things Mass media cannot do in health promotion

A

convey complex information

teach skills

shift people’s attitudes, beliefs

Message will be ignored if challenges basic (core) beliefs

change behaviour in the absence of other enabling factors.

40
Q

social media use in health promotion

A

Fast moving field, enormous potential

Evidence base is just emerging

More and more users using social media for health information

  • Disinformation and misinformation
  • Spread incorrect information

Attracts younger, better educated, more in Europe than US

41
Q

what do current OHP national projects target

A

address inequalities
- with government involvement

e.g. Childsmile

42
Q

childsmile

A

a national programme designed to improve the oral health of children in Scotland and reduce inequalities both in dental health and access to dental services

main components

  • Childsmile Core
  • Childsmile Nursery & School
  • Childsmile Practice
43
Q

3 main components of Childsmile

A
  • Childsmile Core
  • Childsmile Nursery & School
  • Childsmile Practice
44
Q

childsmile core

A

National toothbrushing programme commenced ~2000/01

Every child receives toothbrushes and toothpaste for home use to the age of 5

3 and 4 year olds attending nursery

  • Free, daily, supervised toothbrushing to national standard
  • Also available to at least 20% P1 and P2 children in most deprived areas
45
Q

childsmile nursery and school

A

20% most deprived nursery and P1-P4 populations are targeted for fluoride varnish application

Fluoride varnish applied 6 monthly by dental nurses in education setting
- specially licensed for this

Follow-up of children who are not regular attenders

46
Q

what are primary care dentists role in childsmile

A

Toothbrushing
- Demonstrate and observe hands-on brushing instruction

Dietary advice

  • Provide advice and reinforce nutritional messages
  • Signpost to community development activity

Action plan

  • Fluoride varnish
  • For children from 2 yrs, apply varnish 2 times per year

paid

47
Q

what is logic modelling

A

framework for integrating planning, delivery and evaluation.

Starts at end and goes back the way

48
Q

what is included in logic modelling (5)

A

long term outcome (start with)

Short Term

Activities/outputs

Inputs (resources)

Assumptions and external factors

49
Q

what is caring for smiles

A

Better oral health for dependant older people

involves

  • Families
  • Care homes
  • Carers
  • Training, resources
50
Q

when is mouth cancer action month

A

november

51
Q

what is the point in mouth cancer action month

A

Raise awareness

Patient support/advocacy

Public awareness

Research

52
Q

when is national smile month

A

mid may to mid june

53
Q

what is the point of national smile month

A

Public awareness, information

Dental profession involvement

Longest running oral health campaign (40th year in 2016 – biggest public awareness routine campaign in UK)

54
Q

what are the 3 main messages of national smile month

A

Brush your teeth last thing at night and on at least one other occasion with a fluoride toothpaste.

Cut down on how often you have sugary foods and drinks.

Visit your dentist regularly, as often as they recommend.

55
Q

what are the 5 key areas for action outlined in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion

A

building healthy public policy

creating supportive environments

strengthening community action

developing personal skills
reorienting health services

BDS2 PMHP (8 decks)

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