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Planning and Evaluation of Health Promotion Flashcards

1
Q

health promotion is

A

Planning and evaluation

- Getting them into good habits and lifestyles through life

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2
Q

health protection is in response to

A

public health threat

  • different to health promotion
  • trying to stop the population from getting ill
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3
Q

what is NHS Health Scotland

A

National body responsible for health promotion

Works with public, private and third sectors (charities) to reduce inequalities and improve health

Health sectors include:

  • Community and voluntary
  • Local government and NHS

Health in Scotland is steadily improving.
- Inequalities is a human tragedy which reduce economic output and increases social problems

Move to Public Health Scotland 1/04/20

  • Combination of services
  • More partnership working aids communication
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4
Q

12 NHS Health Scotland Topics

A

Diet and obesity

Alcohol

Physical activity

Gender based violence (GBV)

Mental health and well being

Smoking
(help to quit = health promotion)

Suicide

Dementia

Screening

Drugs

Immunisation

Sexual health

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5
Q

what does health promotion target

A

life stages

works predominately but not exclusively with

  • Early Years
  • Young people
  • Adults in later life, and
  • Adults in work
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6
Q

6 settings for health promotion

A

Schools

Workplace (adult equivalent)

Community

Primary care

Hospitals (secondary care)

Prisons
(high smoking rate, complex setting)

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7
Q

what is the first phase in health promotion

A

planning

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8
Q

what is planning in health promotion

A

assessment of what a client or population group needs to enable them to become more healthy
- Sit and work out, any existing things that can be utilised

Background information

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9
Q

what background information is needed for planning in health promotion (4)?

A

Epidemiology (levels of disease evidence)

What is currently available

What the group would benefit from

Information from literature searches, local reports,

  • ‘grey literature’
  • Not necessarily peer reviewed but still useful
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10
Q

what are the 7 stages in the planning framework used in health promotion (Ewles and Simnett)

A

identify needs and priorities

set aims and objectives

decide best ways to achieve the aims

identify resources

plan evaluation methods

set an action plan

ACTION - implement your plan including your evaluation

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11
Q

examples of stage 1 in planning for health promotion - identify needs and priorties

A

e.g. oral cancer
- public awareness
less than prostate or breast but large consequence to those who have it still

professional awareness & attitudes
focus on health professionals – early detection

e. g. reducing sugar in diet
- Work with manufacturers
- Public awareness
- Lobby government for extension to sugar tax
- Working with health professionals

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12
Q

what is involved in stage 2 of health promotion (set aims and objectives)

A

Set aims and objectives

Aims
- are broad goals, objectives specific and define what participants achieve at end of intervention

educational objectives
- smaller and more specific

3 types

  • knowledge: increase in level of knowledge
  • affective: change in attitudes /beliefs
  • behaviours: acquisition of new skills/competencies
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13
Q

aims

A

are broad goals, objectives specific and define what participants achieve at end of intervention

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14
Q

educational objectives

A

smaller and more specific than aims

3 types

  • knowledge: increase in level of knowledge
  • affective: change in attitudes /beliefs
  • behaviours: acquisition of new skills/competencies
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15
Q

SMART Guide to setting objectives

A

Specific
- precise

Measurable
- easily assessed, easy to compare where you are Vs now

Appropriate
- needs of individual/group

Realistic
- achievable yet challenging

Time-related
- timescale to assess changes, reasonable in time set

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16
Q

what is involved in stage 3 of health promotion planning

A

Identify appropriate methods for achieving objectives

community development – Sign posting

mass media – good but expensive

professional development

Social media

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17
Q

what is involved in stage 4 of health promotion planning

A

Identify resources

Funding the Key:
- £5000/£50,000/£5M scope of what you can achieve

people’s skills and expertise

Materials, overheads, staff, facilities

Need to make best use of the money

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18
Q

what is involved in stage 5 of health promotion planning

A

Plan evaluation methods

Evaluation is an integral aspect of all planned Health promotion activity

3 different types

  • Process
  • Impact
  • Outcome
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19
Q

what are the 3 types of evaluation

A
  • Process
  • Impact
  • Outcome
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20
Q

what is involved in stage 6 of health promotion planning

A

Setting and action plan:

identify tasks, person responsible for task

resources to be used
(artists, online resources, factor in time)

timescale/timeline

means of evaluation

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21
Q

what is the final stage (7) of the health promotion planning

A

action/implementation of plan

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22
Q

what is evaluation

A

Evaluation needs to assess results, determine whether objectives have been met, and find out if methods used were appropriate and efficient.

  • does it work
  • Worth time, energy, effort, money
  • Completed objectives
  • Methods were appropriate and efficient

Often set aside 10-15% of your budget for evaluation

Find out what doesn’t work
- Give information so others know not to follow

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23
Q

what is a key reason to evaluate a health promotion plan

A

Find out what doesn’t work
- Give information so others know not to follow

inform future plans
- justify decisions to others

24
Q

what are the 3 Es of evaluation

A

To assess what has been achieved, did an intervention have its intended effect (efficiency).

To measure its impact and whether it was worthwhile (effectiveness) like drug

To judge its cost-effectiveness and whether time/money and labour were well spent (economy)

25
how is Efficiency evaluated in health promotion planning
To assess what has been achieved, did an intervention have its intended effect
26
how is Effectiveness evaluated in health promotion planning
To measure its impact and whether it was worthwhile
27
how is Economy evaluated in health promotion planning
To judge its cost-effectiveness and whether time/money and labour were well spent
28
process evaluation
Aims to be practical addresses process of programme implementation/dissemination participants’ perceptions/reactions - speak to the audience/participants - what they think 'soft’ data often collected, interviews, observations etc tells us about the particular programme and factors responsible for success or failure.
29
what does process evaluation tell us
tells us about the particular programme and factors responsible for success or failure. participants’ perceptions/reactions - speak to the audience/participants - what they think
30
what type of data is collected in process evaluation
'soft data'
31
what is impact evaluation of health promotion plan
refers to immediate effects, often done at end of a programme use of questionnaires to determine change in behaviour/increase in knowledge - give before and after programme - see if they change due to ‘hard’ data collected often done as easier to do
32
what type of data is collected in impact evaluation
hard data
33
how to collect impact evaluation of health promotion plan
use of questionnaires to determine change in behaviour/increase in knowledge - give before and after programme - see if they change due to
34
what is outcome evaluation of health promotion plan
involves the assessment of longer-term effects - more difficult to do, but better quality - looks at changes in behaviour a year later - reduction in disease etc more costly Preferred method but more difficult to do.
35
what does outcome evaluation assess
longer-term effects of health promotion plan
36
7 research methods used in evaluation
Semi-structured interviews - Headings on paper when chatting to focus groups Observation Focus groups Self-response surveys Interview-based surveys Telephone interviews use of both qualitative/quantitative useful
37
what are the mass medias used in health promotion
can be defined as any printed or audio-visual material designed to reach a mass audience. this includes newspapers, magazines, radio, television, billboards, exhibition displays, posters and leaflets Costly social media has a stronger influence in younger people
38
4 advantages of using mass media in health promotion
can raise consciousness, place health on the public agenda convey simple information more effective if it is part of an integrated campaign including elements such as one-to-one advice information is ‘new’ and is seen to be relevant for the viewer
39
5 things Mass media cannot do in health promotion
convey complex information teach skills shift people’s attitudes, beliefs Message will be ignored if challenges basic (core) beliefs change behaviour in the absence of other enabling factors.
40
social media use in health promotion
Fast moving field, enormous potential Evidence base is just emerging More and more users using social media for health information - Disinformation and misinformation - Spread incorrect information Attracts younger, better educated, more in Europe than US
41
what do current OHP national projects target
address inequalities - with government involvement e.g. Childsmile
42
childsmile
a national programme designed to improve the oral health of children in Scotland and reduce inequalities both in dental health and access to dental services main components - Childsmile Core - Childsmile Nursery & School - Childsmile Practice
43
3 main components of Childsmile
- Childsmile Core - Childsmile Nursery & School - Childsmile Practice
44
childsmile core
National toothbrushing programme commenced ~2000/01 Every child receives toothbrushes and toothpaste for home use to the age of 5 3 and 4 year olds attending nursery - Free, daily, supervised toothbrushing to national standard - Also available to at least 20% P1 and P2 children in most deprived areas
45
childsmile nursery and school
20% most deprived nursery and P1-P4 populations are targeted for fluoride varnish application Fluoride varnish applied 6 monthly by dental nurses in education setting - specially licensed for this Follow-up of children who are not regular attenders
46
what are primary care dentists role in childsmile
Toothbrushing - Demonstrate and observe hands-on brushing instruction Dietary advice - Provide advice and reinforce nutritional messages - Signpost to community development activity Action plan - Fluoride varnish - For children from 2 yrs, apply varnish 2 times per year paid
47
what is logic modelling
framework for integrating planning, delivery and evaluation. Starts at end and goes back the way
48
what is included in logic modelling (5)
long term outcome (start with) Short Term Activities/outputs Inputs (resources) Assumptions and external factors
49
what is caring for smiles
Better oral health for dependant older people involves - Families - Care homes - Carers - Training, resources
50
when is mouth cancer action month
november
51
what is the point in mouth cancer action month
Raise awareness Patient support/advocacy Public awareness Research
52
when is national smile month
mid may to mid june
53
what is the point of national smile month
Public awareness, information Dental profession involvement Longest running oral health campaign (40th year in 2016 – biggest public awareness routine campaign in UK)
54
what are the 3 main messages of national smile month
Brush your teeth last thing at night and on at least one other occasion with a fluoride toothpaste. Cut down on how often you have sugary foods and drinks. Visit your dentist regularly, as often as they recommend.
55
what are the 5 key areas for action outlined in the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
building healthy public policy creating supportive environments strengthening community action developing personal skills reorienting health services

BDS2 PMHP (8 decks)

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