Planning

Question 0

Importance of planning ?

Answer 0

Predetermined the future
Starting point of management action
Provides time for reflection
Causes supervisor to continually think about set objectives
Reduces the chances of overlapping
Can lead to better utilization of people and resources
Ensure better control

Question 1

Principles of planning ?

Answer 1

Principle of positive action
Principle of concurrent action 
Principe of critical minority 
Principle of planning stability 
Principle of resistance to change 
Principle of continuous planning 
Principle of integrated planning 
Principle of influence of present choice

Question 2

Steps to take in forecasting

Answer 2

Arrange assumptions from “worst case”“best case”“most likely”options .
Brainstorm after session.
Identify critical factors (money,customers demands old or new products etc will effluence end result)
Gather enough Info to know what happened in the past and why it happened .
Communicate progress at regular meetings .
People will want to know what became of ideas and how they contributed.
Prepare adaption in case forecasting diverges reality .

Question 3

Principle of forecasting

Answer 3

Principle of cause and effect
Future events are usually the outcome of the current and past occurrences
Principal of gradual economic change
Economic factors as well as political,social and technological influences at work tend to gradually to take place over the long term

Question 4

Budgeting done regards to :

Answer 4

P-people
M-material
T-time
E-equipment

Question 5

Guidelines for goals

Answer 5

Should be concrete and specific 
Should be generally understood 
Should be balanced 
Should be achievable 
Should be acceptable to those who are involved

Question 6

Standards should meet the following requirements :

Answer 6

Should be flexible and adjustable
Should be practically acceptable to those who have to carry out task
Should be realistic not too high or too low
Should be measurable (time,rate,tolerances,etc)
Should be based upon planning & should be related to objectives, programmed, schedules,budgets ,policies,regulations and procedures .

Question 7

Programming steps

Answer 7

1. Develop a master plan - main objective
2. Draw up supporting plans . What you require from each department to contribute towards master plan .
   3.Put dates and numbers on everything
   Employees work best when they know how much and how many are required of them .
   4.Pin down assignments
   Plans are for people . Responsibilities for a trying out each part of a plan or procedure should be assigned to a particular individual .
3. Explain the plan to all concerned
   Plans should be shared . Employees who know why are more likely to co operate
4. Review plans regularly
   Circumstances and restrictions change . Examine plans periodically . See wether they need to be changed

Question 8

Two types of scheduling

Answer 8

Starting point scheduling method used when final date is unknown . Time schedule to be submitted for approval . Link completion date to all step till final date is determined .
End point scheduling method used when final date is known before hand. Final date entered opposite last step in frame work and so forth till date is worked out

Question 9

Definition of budgeting :

Answer 9

Work that must be done in order to assign available resources for the attainment of goals