Planes Of Motion Flashcards
Osteokinematics
Movement of a limb that is visible
Arthrokinematics
The description of a joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, & spin
Sagittal Plane
An imaginary bisect that divides the body into left & right halves
Flexion
A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases
Extension
A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases
Hyperextension
Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion
Dorsiflexion
Flexion occurring at the ankle
Plantar Flexion
Extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downwards
Frontal Plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front & back halves. Movement in the frontal plane includes abduction, adduction, & side-to-side motions
Abduction
A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
Adduction
A movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body
Lateral Flexion
Bending of the spine from side to side
Eversion
A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of the foot faces outward
Inversion
A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward
Transverse Plane
An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top & bottom halves
Internal Rotation
Rotation of a body segment toward the midline of the body
External Rotation
Rotation of a body segment away from the middle of the body
Horizontal Abduction
Movement of the arm or thing in the transverse plane (front of body) from an anterior (front) position to a lateral (side) position
Horizontal Adduction
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse (front of body) plane from a lateral (side) position to an anterior (front) position
Radioulnar Pronation
Inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up position to a palm-down position
Radioulnar Supination
Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position
Pronation of the Foot
Multiplanar movement of the foot & ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, & ankle abduction; associated with force reduction
Supination of the Foot
Multiplanar movement of the foot & ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, & ankle adduction; associated with force production
Gait
Biomechanical motion of the lower extremities during walking, running, & sprinting
Scapular Retraction
Adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward the midline
Scapular Protraction
Abduction of the scapulae; shoulder blades move away from the midline
Scapular Depression
Downward (inferior) motion of the scapulae
Scapular Elevation
Upward (superior) motion of the scapulae
Elasticity
The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched
Ligament
A fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone
Flexibility
The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of a joint
Hypermobility
A state where a lack of neuromuscular support leads to a joint having more range of motion than it should, greatly increasing the risk of jury at that joint
Hypomobility
When range of motion at a joint is limited