Planes and Movement (EXAM 1)

Question 1

Sagittal Plane

Answer 1

• Divides body into right and left halves
• Forward and backward motions (flexion, extension)
• Rotary motion in sagittal plane occurs around a coronal axis

Question 2

Frontal Plane

Answer 2

• Divides body into front and back halves
• Side-to-side movements or lateral/medial movements (abduction, adduction, radial/ulnar deviation, lateral flexion, inversion, eversion, and flexion & extension of thumb)
• Rotary motion in frontal plane occurs around an anterior-posterior axis

Question 3

Traverse (horizontal) Plane

Answer 3

• Divide body into upper and lower halves
• Movements occur parallel to ground (rotary motions, horizontal abduction/adduction)
• Rotary motion occurs around a longitudinal or vertical axis

Question 4

Flexion

Answer 4

Movement in the sagittal plane, from anatomical position

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

Movement in the sagittal plane, back to anatomical position

Question 6

Abduction

Answer 6

Movement in the frontal plane, away from the midline of the body or segment

Question 7

Adduction

Answer 7

Movement in the frontal plane, toward the midline of the body or segment

Question 8

External rotation

Answer 8

Movement in the transverse plane, reference point turns away from midline or reference point of the body

Question 9

Internal rotation

Answer 9

Movement in the transverse plane, reference point turns toward the midline or reference point on the body

Question 10

Horizontal abduction

Answer 10

Movement in the transverse plane, away from the midline of the body (used for hip and shoulder)

Question 11

Horizontal adduction

Answer 11

Movement in the transverse plane, toward the midline of the body

Question 12

Lateral flexion

Answer 12

Movement in the frontal plane, away from the midline of the body (neck/trunk)

Question 13

Inversion

Answer 13

Foot movement, reference segment moves toward midline

Question 14

Eversion

Answer 14

Foot movement, reference segment moves away from midline

Question 15

Supination

Answer 15

• Foot movement (triplanar) combination of inversion, horizontal adduction and plantar flexion (all referenced to the calcaneus)
• Forearm movement - turning the palm of the hand up

Question 16

Pronation

Answer 16

• Foot movement (triplanar) combination of eversion, horizontal abduction and dorsi flexion (all referenced to the calcaneus)
• Forearm movement - turning the palm of the hand down

Question 17

Plantar flexion

Answer 17

Foot movement towards the plantar surface

Question 18

Dorsi flexion

Answer 18

Foot movement towards the dorsal surface

Question 19

Protraction

Answer 19

Movement of a segment anteriorly

Question 20

Retraction

Answer 20

Movement of a segment posteriorly