Placenta Flashcards
What is the connecting stalk made of?
Extraembryonic mesoderm
What happens to cytotrophoblast cells when they migrate into the syncitotrophoblast?
Fuse and lose their membranes
Why does the chorionic sac dissapear?
Amniotic sac enlarges
What is the chorion made of?
Trophoblast
(Somatic) extraembryonic mesoderm
Why do decidual cells stain pale?
High glycogen and lipid
What is placenta accreta?
Chorionic villi attach to myometrium
What is the decidua?
The functional latter of the endometrium that separates form the remainder of the uterus after parturition.
What happens for the placental barrier to thin over pregnancy?
Cytotrophoblast regresses
Syncitiotrophoblast thins
Margination of capillaries
Where does choriocarcinoma typically spread early?
Lungs
What is the role of hPL?
Increase glucose availability to the foetus
What Ig is passed across the placenta and by what process?
IgG
RME
Teratogen exposure during what period gives low risk of structural defects?
After embryonic period expect the CNS>
What should symphysis fundal height be at 20 weeks?
36 weeks?
12 weeks?
37-40 weeks?
Post-partum
Umbilicus
Xiphersternum
Pubis synthesis
Regression of fundal height
Back at umbilicus
When should the first US scan be between ideally?
11w-13w6days
What does nuchal translucency test for?
Detect cardiovascular developmental issues
Downs
Di George
Body-stalk abnormalities
When is the second scan usually?
What is measured?
20 weeks
Confirmation of viability
Feral head
Biparietal diameter
Femur length
What is biparietal diameter used in combination in combination with other measures to do?
Date pregnancy in T2 and T3
What is average birth weight?
What weight is macrosomia classed as?
3.5kg
Above 4.5kg
Give some issues with growth restriction.
Low birth weight Hypoxia Hypoglycaemia Meconium aspiration Trouble maintaining body temperature Abnormal high RBC count
What 2 things occur during the terminal sac stage (week 26)?
Terminal sacs begin to bud from the resp bronchioles
Difefrentiation of TI and TII pneumocytes
What is normal foetal heartrate?
120-160bpm
What are some complications of oligohydramnios?
Cord compression
MSK (facial distortion, club foot)
Pulmonary hypoplasia
Intrauterine growth restriction
What are some complications of polyhydraminos?
Faetal malposition
Umbilical cord prolapse
Abruption placentae
Preterm contractios and labour
When does the baby start to move?
When does the quickening occur?
17th week
