Contraceptives And Infertility Flashcards
Name 3 methods of natural contraception.
Abstinence
Fertility awareness methods
Lactational amenorrhea
What are advantages and disadvantages of condoms.
Advantages -
Reliable
Disadvantages
- Disrupt romantic nature of sex
- Reduced pleasure
- Expiration danger
- Allergy/ sensitivity to latex/ spermicide
Describe the primary mechanism of action of the COCP.
Prevent ovulation through progesterone decreasing pulse frequency of GnRH release.
Oestrogen negative feedbacks.
Prevents the mid-cycle LH surge.
What is the secondary action of the COCP?
Reduced endometrial receptivity to inhibit implantation
Thickens cervical mucus to inhibit sperm penetration
What are 4 advantages of COCP?
98% effective
Relieve menstrual disorders
Reduce risk of ovarian cysts
Reduce risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer
What are 5 disadvantages of COCP.
No protection from STI
BMI, migraine and breast cancer = contraindications
Side effects - breakthrough bleeding, mood disturbance and breast tenderness.
INcreased risk of breast cancer, cervical cancer VTE/MI/Stroke/PE
Gall stones
User dependant
What is the primary and secondary actions of High Dose Progesterone IM injections.
Primary - prevention of ovulation
Secondary - thickening of cervical mucus
Prevention of endometrial proliferation
What are 2 advantages of high dose progesterone compared to COCP?
What is a disadvantage compared to COCP?
Eliminates user error as long as appointments are attended
Women who can use oestrogen can use it
Delay in returning fertility ~10months
Give 4 advantages of the progestogen implant.
LARC (3 years)
Reliable - eliminates user error
Women who cant use oestrogen can use
Natural fertility returns quickly when removed
What is a major risk with the low does progestogen pill?
Ectopic pregnancy risk
Compare the primary actions of the IUS and IUD.
Which one lasts longer?
IUS prevents implantation and reduces endometrial proliferation whereas the IUD contains copper which is toxic to sperm and the ovum.
IUD - 5-10 years vs 3-5 years.
Give some disadvantages of implants.
Insertion may be unpleasant
Uterine perforation risk
Menstrual irregularity
Displacement and expulsion may occur
Which has a higher failure rate, tubal ligation or vasectomy?
Ligation
Name 3 types of emergency contraceptions.
Emergency IUD
Emergency pill with ulipristal acetate
Emergency pill with levonorgestrel
Give some genetic causes of subfertility in males.
Congenital cause?
Vascular?
Endocrine?
Klinefelter syndrome
Y chromosome deletion
Youngs syndrome
Cryptorchidism
Torsion and varicocele
