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009 > PLACENTA > Flashcards

PLACENTA Flashcards

1
Q

how is placenta form

A

when maternal blood supply. has been accessed

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2
Q

what happens when synctiotrophoblastts invade maternal blood vessels

A

lacunae form

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3
Q

chorionic villi form

A
  • proliferation of cytotrophoblast
  • growth of chorionic mesoderm
  • ## blood vessel development
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4
Q

what happens to primary chorionic villi around day 13 post fertilisation

A

cords or asses of cytotrophoblasts growing into lacunae within synctiotrophoblass

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5
Q

what day is secondary chorionic villi

A
  • days 16
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6
Q

when is teritary chorionic villi

A

end of third week development

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7
Q

nam

A

tertiary villi early

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8
Q

name

A

tertiary villi mature

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9
Q

maternal component of placenta - decidualisatin

A

after implanation of blastocyst

stroma cells become large round decidual cells

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10
Q

regions of decidua

A
  • decidua basalis
  • decidua capsularis
  • decidua parietalis
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11
Q

what happens by the end of 3 month for placenta decidualisation

A

gestation
decidua capsularises fuses with decidua parietalis of opposite wall

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12
Q

which layers of the endometrium form decidua

A

all but the deepest layer

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13
Q

what does decidua shed with

A

placenta at birth

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14
Q

what is a cytotrophoblastic shell

A

complete shell around synctiotrophoblast - attaches to endometrium

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15
Q

what do maternal blood vessels communicate with

A

through shell

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16
Q

what happens to the villi during pregnancy

A

mature - smaller in diameter

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17
Q

what happens to the cytotrophoblast during pregnancy

A

discontinues

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18
Q

plates in mature placenta

A

basal plate
chorionic plate

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19
Q

what does basal form from in mature placenta

A

decidual basalis

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20
Q

what does chorionic plate form from in mature placenta

A

embryological origin

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21
Q

what is the blood supply to the placenta

A

spiral arteries

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22
Q

what is the placental barrier

A

seperation of maternal and fetal blood

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23
Q

describe the diameter of the placental barrier

A

very thin by 4 months > allow exchange of products across placenta

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24
Q

functions of placenta

A
  • metabolism
  • transport
  • barrier function
  • immunological function
  • endocrine function
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25
Q

when does placenta take over from

A

corpus leutrum 8 weeks gestation

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26
Q

what does adrenal cortex provide

A

androgens

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27
Q

when is human chorionc gonadotropins produced from

A

6 days post fertilisatin

maintains corpus leutrum < maintains endometrium > and pregnancy

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28
Q

placental problems

A
  • placenta previa
  • placenta abruption
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29
Q

what is placenta previa

A

covers internal os of cervix

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30
Q

what is placenta abruption

A

comes away from uterine wall

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31
Q

what is pre-eclampsia

A

pregnancy induced hypertension + protenuria

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32
Q

what is the treatment of pre-eclampsia

A

delivery of placenta

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33
Q

what is the cause of pre-eclampsia

A

unknown cause - probkems with endometrial blood vessel problem

34
Q

what cell secretes HCG

A

trophoblast cells

35
Q

which of the cells in the endometrium are mitoticaly active

A

cytotrophoblast

36
Q

what fuses with synctiotrophoblasts

A

cytotrophoblasts

37
Q

what is not mitotically active

A

synctiotrophoblasts

38
Q

what invades into maternal blood vessels

A

synctiotrophoblasts

39
Q

what happens after synctiotrophoblasts invade into maternal blood vessels

A

lacunae form

40
Q

what happens at the Day 11-12 development

A

closing plug formed
implanted embryo within wall of endometrium

41
Q

list the types of villi

A

primary secondary and tertiary

42
Q

when does primary chorionic villi occur

A

around D13 post fertilisation

43
Q

what happens at the primary chorionic villi

A

two distinct layers of synctiotrophoblasts and one layer of cytotrophoblasts

44
Q

when is secondary chorionic villi formed

A

D16

45
Q

list the prominent layers of secondary chorionic villi

A

inner layer cytotrophoblast

outer layer synctiotrophoblast

46
Q

what is primary villi invaded by

A

loose ct from chorion

47
Q

when is tertiary chorionic villi formed

A

end of 3rd week development

48
Q

when do blood vessels grow in villi

A

secondary and tertiary chorionic villi

49
Q

what can you see in mature tertiary villi

A

synctial knots

50
Q

what is the maternal component of placenta

A

decidualisation

51
Q

when does decidualisation occur

A

after implantation of blastocyst (8-10 days of embryo development)

52
Q

what happens to the stroma cells in decidualisation

A

they become large round decidual cells

53
Q

list the regions of decidua

A
  • decidua basalis
  • decidua capsularis
  • deciduda parietalis
54
Q

where is decidua capsularis located

A

between implantation site and lumen

55
Q

where is decidua parietalis

A

remaining endometrium

56
Q

when does decidualisation happen

A

by end 3rd month gestation

57
Q

what happens by end of 3rd month gestation in decidualisation

A

decidua capsularis fuses with deciduda parietalis of opposite wall

58
Q

what happens when decidua capsularises fuses with dec. parietalis

A

obliteration of uterine cavity

59
Q

what shed with placenta at birth

A

decidua

60
Q

what shell attaches to endometrium

A

cytotrophoblastic shell

61
Q

how do maternal blood vessels communicate

A

through shell of cytotrophoblastic shell

62
Q

is growth of villi continuous throughout pregnancy

A

yes

63
Q

where do stem villi or anchoring villi grow

A

into maternal side of placenta > basal plate

64
Q

what is the size of villi during pregnancy

A

mature, smaller in diameter

65
Q

what discontinues during pregnancy

A

cytotrophoblast

66
Q

how are synctial knots formed

A

synctiotrophoblast nuclei gathered in clusters

67
Q

list the features of mature placenta

A

basal plate > from decidual basalis

chorionic plate

cotyledons

68
Q

what divides fetal part of placenta

A

cotyledons - 15-25

69
Q

blood supply to placenta

A

spiral arteries

70
Q

what does the placental barrier seperate

A

materal and foetal blood

71
Q

what is the thickness or thinness of placental barrier

A

very thin by four months

72
Q

function of the thinness of placental barrier by 4 months

A

allows exchange of products across placenta

73
Q

what does placenta take over from

A

corpus luteum 8 weeks gestation

74
Q

when are human chorionic gonadotrophins produced from

A

day 6 post fertilisation

75
Q

what does the human chorionic gonadotrophins maintains

A

corpus luteum
endoemtrium
pregnancy

76
Q

what is human chorionic gonadotrophins secreted b y

A

synctiotrophoblasts

77
Q

what is relaxin from

A

decidual cells

78
Q

what does relaxin do

A

softening of cervix and pelvic ligaments

79
Q

what are the other hormones secreted by placenta

A

IGF-1 IGF-II
endothelial growth factors
leptin

80
Q

treatment of pre-eclampsia

A

delivery of placenta

81
Q

what secretes hcg

A

trophoblastic shell

009 (8 decks)

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