FEMALE Flashcards
1
Q
name the ovarian hormones
A
estrogen
progesterone
2
Q
what does progesterone prepare for
A
uterus for pregnancy
mammary glands for lactation
3
Q
what is in the cortex of ovaries
A
follicles
4
Q
what is in the medulla of ovaries
A
bvv
5
Q
GERM CELL migration in ovary
A
from embryonic yolk sac into embryonic gonad
6
Q
how many oocyte numbers
A
600,000 - 800,00 nat birth arrested at prophase i
7
Q
when does primordial follicles develop
A
from 3rd moth of fetal deve
8
Q
what is primordial follicles independent of
A
gonadotrophin stimulation
9
Q
what does primordial follicles contain
A
oocyte
10
Q
what is primary follicles formation of
A
zona pellucida
11
Q
stromal cells surrounding primary follicle become
A
theca interna and theca externa
12
Q
where do primary follicles cells move deeper into
A
ovary due to proliferation of granulosa cells
13
Q
how many layers in late primary follicles
A
several layers granulosa cells
14
Q
what is the layer called between granulosa cels and oocyte in late primary follicle
A
gap junctions
15
Q
what is produced in theca interna
A
steorid producing
16
Q
what is in secondary follicle
A
fluid filled cavitis among ganulosa cells
17
Q
what is required for the development of secondary folliclre
A
fsh
18
Q
what takes up most of the volume of mature graafian follicles
A
single fluid filled antrum
19
Q
what is mature graafian follicles specilisatins of
A
granulosa cells
- cumulus oophorus
- corona radiata
20
Q
what do remaining granulosa and theca cells undergo
A
lutenisation
21
Q
what happens to the cells in corpus luteum
A
increase in size lipid acc.
22
Q
what does corpus luteum secretes
A
etrogens
progestrogone
inhibin
23
Q
what does theca lutein cells develop from
A
theca interna
24
Q
what do theca lutein cells secrete
A
androgens and progesterone
25
if no fertilisation what happens to corpus leuteum
denegerates by about day 10
26
what is corpus albican
white scar in ovary
27
what do the degenrating cells in corpus albican cells leads to
intercellular hyaline material accumulation
28
when do atretic follicles occur
at any stage
29
what do majority of arteric follicles undergo
atresia
30
what is uterine tube used for
transport of ovvulated ovum
31
structures in uterine tube
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural
32
layer of the wall of uterine tube
- external serosal layer
mesothelium
33
list the muscular layer layers of the wal of uterine tube
inner circular
outer longitudinal
34
uterine tube mucosa epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
ciliated cells
35
name
ampulla
36
name
isthmus
37
name
uterine tube
38
iis the ampulla of uterine tube the longest or shortest region
longest region of 2/3 length
39
what is ampulla site of
fertilisation
40
hormonal regulation of uterine tubefor follicular phase
hypertroph during follocular phase
41
what happens during luteal phase
atrophy
42
what happens to the ducts during mammary gland development
extend and branch
43
how many irregular lobules in mammary gland adult inactive
15-20
44
What do mammary gland radiate from
mammillary papillae
45
what is adult nipple opening of
lactiferous ducts
46
epithelium of lactiferous duct
keratinised stratified squamousla
47
lactiferous sinus epithelium
2 layers cuboidal epithelium
48
duct of mammary gland epithelium
simple columnar or cuboidal
49
mammary gland cell types
glandular epithelial cells
50
name
inactive mammarry gland
51
list the menstrual cycle changes in mammary gland phases
follicular phase
luteal phase
52
what happens in the follicular phase
intralobular stroma less dense
53
what happens in the luteal phase
epithelial cells increase in height
lumina appear in ducts - some secretions
54
what completes the morphological and functional maturation for corpus leuteum and placenta
estrogen and progesterone
55
what does pituitary gland completed by
prolactin
56
what is adrenal cortex completed by
gonadocorticoids
57
what happens to mammary glands during first trimester
terminal ductules
- elongation, branching
- proliferation and differentiation of epithelial and myoepitelial cells
58
what happens to the mammary dev, during second trimester
alveoli form from terminal ductules
- growth of alveoli
59
what happens during the third trimester for mammary gland development
- maturation of alveoli
- glandular epithelial cells
- breast size increase due to hypertrophy of secretory cells
- accumulation of secretory
60
name
late pregnancy mammary gland
61
what happens when placenta is delivered during birth
estrogen and progesterone drop
62
milk production at birth
prolactin
63
myoepithelial cell contraction during birth
oxytocin
64
production of milk
apocrine secretion
fatty or lipid component of milk
65
name
lactating mammary gland
66
uterus structures
body and cervix
perimetrium > serosa
myometrium
endometrium
67
name
uterus of non menstruating rat
68
name
myometrium
69
myometrium has
functional synctium
69
list the 3 layers of myometrium
inner longitudinal
middle circular
outer longitudinal
70
during pregnancy what happens to the myometrium
hypertrophy
hyperplasia
71
name
endometrium
72
list the 2 layers of endometrium
functional layer
basal layer
stratum functionalis
stratum basalis
73
is stratum functionalis the thickest or thinnest parrt
thickest part and closest to the lumen
74
what. happens to the stratum basalis during menstruation
retained
regeneration of functional layer
75
endometrium luminal epithelium
simple columnar
secretory and ciliated cells
76
endometrial stroma
simple tubular glands
77
name
endometrial stroma simple tubular glands
78
what are the only cells in the body that transform from non-receptive to receptive in short period of time
uterine luminal epithelial cells
79
uterine vasculature
- uterine artery
- arcuate artery
- radial artery
80
where is the straight artey located in the uterus
basal layer of endometrium
81
where is the spiral artery located in the uteirne vasculature
extends into functional layer
82
what is the spiral artery important for
menstruation
83
name
proliferative phase of menstrual cycle
84
what is the proliferative phase of menstruation
follicular phase of ovarian cyclew m
85
how many days is the proliferative phase
5-14
86
what is the proliferative phase dependant on
estrogen
87
how much does endometrium grow into during proliferative phase
3mm in thickness
88
features of proliferative phase endometrium
- regeneration of endometrium
- spiral arteries
- glands
89
what happens to the spiral arteries during proliferative phase
lengthen
90
what is the secreotyr phase
luteral phase of ovarian cycle
91
days in the luteal phase
15-26
92
WHAT IS secretory phase dependant on
progesterone
93
what is the secretory phase
oedematous stroma
94
name
glands in the secretory phase - corkscrew shape
95
name
spiral arteries in secretory phase
96
what happens to spiral arteries during secretory phase
lengthen to nearly reach surface
97
what do the stromal cells transform into during the secretory phase
decidual cels
98
days in menstrual phase
1-5
99
what declines in the menstrual phase
estrogens and progesterone > degeneration of corpus luteum
100
what happens to the spiral arteries in menstrual phase
periodic contraction
101
what happens to the necrotic tissue during menstrual phase
seperates from uterus
102
how does sperm move into the uterus
active swimming
chemotaxis
thermoatoxis
to locate oocyte in fallopian tube
103
sequence of events for successful fertilisation
- sperm capacitation
- penetration of corona radiata
- penetratin of zona pellucida
- fusion of sperm and oocyte membranes
104
what motility pattern does sperm undergoing capacitation in the reservoir known as
hyperactive motility
105
how long does penetration of the zona takes
5-20mins
106
what does sperm head bind to oolema via
fertilin ADAMS
107
what does sperm head fuses with
oocytes
108
name
cervix
109
are there spiral arteries present in the cervix
no
110
name
mucosa in cervix
111
what happens to the thickess in mucosa of cervix during menstrual phase
no change in thickness
noot sloughed off
112
epithelium of endocervix
simple coloumnar
113
epithelium of ectocervix
stratified squamoous
114
what is cervical mucous produced by
glands
115
what happens to cervical mucous during menstrual cycle
changes under hormone control
116
consistency of cervical mucous during ovulation
egg white consistency > favourable for sperm migration
117
nam
nabothian cyst
118
what is a nabothian cyst
blocked cervical gland
119
what is cervical cancer associated with
HPV infection
120
name
vagina
121
inner mucosal layer of vagina epithelium
- nonkeratinised stratified squamous
122
layers of the muscular layer of vagina
inner ciruclar
outer longitudinal
123
adventitia of vagina
inner dense ct
outer loose ct
124
vagina mucosa epithelium
stratified squaoous
125
what does progesterone prepare
uterus for pregnancy
mammary glands for lactation
126
which follicle is the formation of zona pellucida
primary follicle
127
Which structure in the ovary is characterized by the presence of an antrum?
mature graafian follicles
128
Which of the following structures is the first to show the presence of a zona
pellucida?
primary follicles
129
Which structure shows an oocyte-associated corona radiate?
mature graafian follicle
130
the corpus luetrum is
an endocrine organ
131
in the secondary follicle how many granulosa cells
6-12 layers deep
132
in secondary follicle what is required for development
fsh
133
what cells are under estrogen production
theca interna
granulosa cells
134
what do granulosa cells convert
testosterone into estrogen
135
what is the ampulla of uterine tube site of
fertilisation
136
hormonal regulation of uterine rube for follicular phase and luteal phase
hypertrophy during follicular phase
atrophy during luteal phase
137
significance of endometrium cyclical changes during menstrual cycle
prepapre for implanatation of embryo and subsequent fetal development
138
where is sperm deposited into
anterior vagina
139
what is a period of high mitoric activity
endometrial proliferative phase
140
which stage begins shortly after ovulation
endometrial secretory phase
141
in which stage are endometrial glands wavy sacculated and tortuous
endometrial secretory phase
142
which stage exhibits the first morphological response to declining progesterone levels
premenstrual phase of endoemtrium
143
which structure is lined by stratified squamous
vagina
144
Which of the following only begins secretion in response to a decrease in
progesterone
mammary glands
145
which gland is dependent upon HCG for extrended functional activity
corpus leutrum
146
which gland type if compound alveolar gland
mammary glands
147
epithelium for endocervix
simple columnar
148
epithelium for ectocervix
stratified squamous epithelium
149
what does endocervix branch out to
uterus
150
what does ectocervix branch out to
vagina
151
where does cervical cancer usually occur
site of the transformational zone
152
what is the secretory phase influenced by
progesteron
153
what is the proliferative phase influenced y
estrogen
154
Under which hormone does the vaginal epithelium proliferate?
estrogen
155
where is straight artery located
stratum basalis
156
where is spiral arteyr located
stratum functionalis
157
