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009 > FEMALE > Flashcards

FEMALE Flashcards

1
Q

name the ovarian hormones

A

estrogen
progesterone

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2
Q

what does progesterone prepare for

A

uterus for pregnancy
mammary glands for lactation

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3
Q

what is in the cortex of ovaries

A

follicles

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4
Q

what is in the medulla of ovaries

A

bvv

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5
Q

GERM CELL migration in ovary

A

from embryonic yolk sac into embryonic gonad

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6
Q

how many oocyte numbers

A

600,000 - 800,00 nat birth arrested at prophase i

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7
Q

when does primordial follicles develop

A

from 3rd moth of fetal deve

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8
Q

what is primordial follicles independent of

A

gonadotrophin stimulation

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9
Q

what does primordial follicles contain

A

oocyte

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10
Q

what is primary follicles formation of

A

zona pellucida

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11
Q

stromal cells surrounding primary follicle become

A

theca interna and theca externa

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12
Q

where do primary follicles cells move deeper into

A

ovary due to proliferation of granulosa cells

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13
Q

how many layers in late primary follicles

A

several layers granulosa cells

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14
Q

what is the layer called between granulosa cels and oocyte in late primary follicle

A

gap junctions

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15
Q

what is produced in theca interna

A

steorid producing

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16
Q

what is in secondary follicle

A

fluid filled cavitis among ganulosa cells

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17
Q

what is required for the development of secondary folliclre

A

fsh

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18
Q

what takes up most of the volume of mature graafian follicles

A

single fluid filled antrum

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19
Q

what is mature graafian follicles specilisatins of

A

granulosa cells
- cumulus oophorus
- corona radiata

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20
Q

what do remaining granulosa and theca cells undergo

A

lutenisation

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21
Q

what happens to the cells in corpus luteum

A

increase in size lipid acc.

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22
Q

what does corpus luteum secretes

A

etrogens
progestrogone
inhibin

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23
Q

what does theca lutein cells develop from

A

theca interna

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24
Q

what do theca lutein cells secrete

A

androgens and progesterone

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25
Q

if no fertilisation what happens to corpus leuteum

A

denegerates by about day 10

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26
Q

what is corpus albican

A

white scar in ovary

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27
Q

what do the degenrating cells in corpus albican cells leads to

A

intercellular hyaline material accumulation

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28
Q

when do atretic follicles occur

A

at any stage

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29
Q

what do majority of arteric follicles undergo

A

atresia

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30
Q

what is uterine tube used for

A

transport of ovvulated ovum

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31
Q

structures in uterine tube

A

infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
intramural

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32
Q

layer of the wall of uterine tube

A
  • external serosal layer
    mesothelium
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33
Q

list the muscular layer layers of the wal of uterine tube

A

inner circular
outer longitudinal

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34
Q

uterine tube mucosa epithelium

A

simple columnar epithelium
ciliated cells

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35
Q

name

A

ampulla

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36
Q

name

A

isthmus

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37
Q

name

A

uterine tube

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38
Q

iis the ampulla of uterine tube the longest or shortest region

A

longest region of 2/3 length

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39
Q

what is ampulla site of

A

fertilisation

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40
Q

hormonal regulation of uterine tubefor follicular phase

A

hypertroph during follocular phase

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41
Q

what happens during luteal phase

A

atrophy

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42
Q

what happens to the ducts during mammary gland development

A

extend and branch

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43
Q

how many irregular lobules in mammary gland adult inactive

A

15-20

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44
Q

What do mammary gland radiate from

A

mammillary papillae

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45
Q

what is adult nipple opening of

A

lactiferous ducts

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46
Q

epithelium of lactiferous duct

A

keratinised stratified squamousla

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47
Q

lactiferous sinus epithelium

A

2 layers cuboidal epithelium

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48
Q

duct of mammary gland epithelium

A

simple columnar or cuboidal

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49
Q

mammary gland cell types

A

glandular epithelial cells

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50
Q

name

A

inactive mammarry gland

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51
Q

list the menstrual cycle changes in mammary gland phases

A

follicular phase
luteal phase

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52
Q

what happens in the follicular phase

A

intralobular stroma less dense

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53
Q

what happens in the luteal phase

A

epithelial cells increase in height
lumina appear in ducts - some secretions

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54
Q

what completes the morphological and functional maturation for corpus leuteum and placenta

A

estrogen and progesterone

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55
Q

what does pituitary gland completed by

A

prolactin

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56
Q

what is adrenal cortex completed by

A

gonadocorticoids

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57
Q

what happens to mammary glands during first trimester

A

terminal ductules
- elongation, branching
- proliferation and differentiation of epithelial and myoepitelial cells

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58
Q

what happens to the mammary dev, during second trimester

A

alveoli form from terminal ductules
- growth of alveoli

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59
Q

what happens during the third trimester for mammary gland development

A
  • maturation of alveoli
  • glandular epithelial cells
  • breast size increase due to hypertrophy of secretory cells
  • accumulation of secretory
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60
Q

name

A

late pregnancy mammary gland

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61
Q

what happens when placenta is delivered during birth

A

estrogen and progesterone drop

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62
Q

milk production at birth

A

prolactin

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63
Q

myoepithelial cell contraction during birth

A

oxytocin

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64
Q

production of milk

A

apocrine secretion
fatty or lipid component of milk

65
Q

name

A

lactating mammary gland

66
Q

uterus structures

A

body and cervix
perimetrium > serosa
myometrium
endometrium

67
Q

name

A

uterus of non menstruating rat

68
Q

name

A

myometrium

69
Q

myometrium has

A

functional synctium

69
Q

list the 3 layers of myometrium

A

inner longitudinal
middle circular
outer longitudinal

70
Q

during pregnancy what happens to the myometrium

A

hypertrophy
hyperplasia

71
Q

name

A

endometrium

72
Q

list the 2 layers of endometrium

A

functional layer
basal layer

stratum functionalis
stratum basalis

73
Q

is stratum functionalis the thickest or thinnest parrt

A

thickest part and closest to the lumen

74
Q

what. happens to the stratum basalis during menstruation

A

retained
regeneration of functional layer

75
Q

endometrium luminal epithelium

A

simple columnar
secretory and ciliated cells

76
Q

endometrial stroma

A

simple tubular glands

77
Q

name

A

endometrial stroma simple tubular glands

78
Q

what are the only cells in the body that transform from non-receptive to receptive in short period of time

A

uterine luminal epithelial cells

79
Q

uterine vasculature

A
  • uterine artery
  • arcuate artery
  • radial artery
80
Q

where is the straight artey located in the uterus

A

basal layer of endometrium

81
Q

where is the spiral artery located in the uteirne vasculature

A

extends into functional layer

82
Q

what is the spiral artery important for

A

menstruation

83
Q

name

A

proliferative phase of menstrual cycle

84
Q

what is the proliferative phase of menstruation

A

follicular phase of ovarian cyclew m

85
Q

how many days is the proliferative phase

A

5-14

86
Q

what is the proliferative phase dependant on

A

estrogen

87
Q

how much does endometrium grow into during proliferative phase

A

3mm in thickness

88
Q

features of proliferative phase endometrium

A
  • regeneration of endometrium
  • spiral arteries
  • glands
89
Q

what happens to the spiral arteries during proliferative phase

A

lengthen

90
Q

what is the secreotyr phase

A

luteral phase of ovarian cycle

91
Q

days in the luteal phase

A

15-26

92
Q

WHAT IS secretory phase dependant on

A

progesterone

93
Q

what is the secretory phase

A

oedematous stroma

94
Q

name

A

glands in the secretory phase - corkscrew shape

95
Q

name

A

spiral arteries in secretory phase

96
Q

what happens to spiral arteries during secretory phase

A

lengthen to nearly reach surface

97
Q

what do the stromal cells transform into during the secretory phase

A

decidual cels

98
Q

days in menstrual phase

A

1-5

99
Q

what declines in the menstrual phase

A

estrogens and progesterone > degeneration of corpus luteum

100
Q

what happens to the spiral arteries in menstrual phase

A

periodic contraction

101
Q

what happens to the necrotic tissue during menstrual phase

A

seperates from uterus

102
Q

how does sperm move into the uterus

A

active swimming
chemotaxis
thermoatoxis
to locate oocyte in fallopian tube

103
Q

sequence of events for successful fertilisation

A
  • sperm capacitation
  • penetration of corona radiata
  • penetratin of zona pellucida
  • fusion of sperm and oocyte membranes
104
Q

what motility pattern does sperm undergoing capacitation in the reservoir known as

A

hyperactive motility

105
Q

how long does penetration of the zona takes

A

5-20mins

106
Q

what does sperm head bind to oolema via

A

fertilin ADAMS

107
Q

what does sperm head fuses with

A

oocytes

108
Q

name

A

cervix

109
Q

are there spiral arteries present in the cervix

A

no

110
Q

name

A

mucosa in cervix

111
Q

what happens to the thickess in mucosa of cervix during menstrual phase

A

no change in thickness

noot sloughed off

112
Q

epithelium of endocervix

A

simple coloumnar

113
Q

epithelium of ectocervix

A

stratified squamoous

114
Q

what is cervical mucous produced by

A

glands

115
Q

what happens to cervical mucous during menstrual cycle

A

changes under hormone control

116
Q

consistency of cervical mucous during ovulation

A

egg white consistency > favourable for sperm migration

117
Q

nam

A

nabothian cyst

118
Q

what is a nabothian cyst

A

blocked cervical gland

119
Q

what is cervical cancer associated with

A

HPV infection

120
Q

name

A

vagina

121
Q

inner mucosal layer of vagina epithelium

A
  • nonkeratinised stratified squamous
122
Q

layers of the muscular layer of vagina

A

inner ciruclar
outer longitudinal

123
Q

adventitia of vagina

A

inner dense ct
outer loose ct

124
Q

vagina mucosa epithelium

A

stratified squaoous

125
Q

what does progesterone prepare

A

uterus for pregnancy
mammary glands for lactation

126
Q

which follicle is the formation of zona pellucida

A

primary follicle

127
Q

Which structure in the ovary is characterized by the presence of an antrum?

A

mature graafian follicles

128
Q

Which of the following structures is the first to show the presence of a zona
pellucida?

A

primary follicles

129
Q

Which structure shows an oocyte-associated corona radiate?

A

mature graafian follicle

130
Q

the corpus luetrum is

A

an endocrine organ

131
Q

in the secondary follicle how many granulosa cells

A

6-12 layers deep

132
Q

in secondary follicle what is required for development

A

fsh

133
Q

what cells are under estrogen production

A

theca interna
granulosa cells

134
Q

what do granulosa cells convert

A

testosterone into estrogen

135
Q

what is the ampulla of uterine tube site of

A

fertilisation

136
Q

hormonal regulation of uterine rube for follicular phase and luteal phase

A

hypertrophy during follicular phase
atrophy during luteal phase

137
Q

significance of endometrium cyclical changes during menstrual cycle

A

prepapre for implanatation of embryo and subsequent fetal development

138
Q

where is sperm deposited into

A

anterior vagina

139
Q

what is a period of high mitoric activity

A

endometrial proliferative phase

140
Q

which stage begins shortly after ovulation

A

endometrial secretory phase

141
Q

in which stage are endometrial glands wavy sacculated and tortuous

A

endometrial secretory phase

142
Q

which stage exhibits the first morphological response to declining progesterone levels

A

premenstrual phase of endoemtrium

143
Q

which structure is lined by stratified squamous

A

vagina

144
Q

Which of the following only begins secretion in response to a decrease in
progesterone

A

mammary glands

145
Q

which gland is dependent upon HCG for extrended functional activity

A

corpus leutrum

146
Q

which gland type if compound alveolar gland

A

mammary glands

147
Q

epithelium for endocervix

A

simple columnar

148
Q

epithelium for ectocervix

A

stratified squamous epithelium

149
Q

what does endocervix branch out to

A

uterus

150
Q

what does ectocervix branch out to

A

vagina

151
Q

where does cervical cancer usually occur

A

site of the transformational zone

152
Q

what is the secretory phase influenced by

A

progesteron

153
Q

what is the proliferative phase influenced y

A

estrogen

154
Q

Under which hormone does the vaginal epithelium proliferate?

A

estrogen

155
Q

where is straight artery located

A

stratum basalis

156
Q

where is spiral arteyr located

A

stratum functionalis

157
Q
A

009 (8 decks)

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