MALE REPRODUCTION Flashcards
list the structures in the spermatic ducts
- epididymis
- ductus deferens
- ejaculatory ducts
list the structures in the accessory sex glands
- seminal vesicles
- prostate
- bulbourethral glands
list the structures in external genitalia
penis scrotum
function of male repro system
- spermatogenesis
- production of seminal fluids
- steroidogenesis
- sex
what is testes site of
spermatogenesis
steroidogenesis
what temp is required for spermatogenesi
2-3 degrees
list the layers of testes
- tunica vaginalis
- tunica albuginea
- tunica vasculosa
what is tunica vaginalis reminent of
peritoneum
what lines testes
serous membranes and interior of scrotum
what does tunica vaginalis produce
serous fluids to reduce friction
list the layers of tunica vaginalis
parietal layer
visceral layer
list the lobule of testes
seminiferous tubules
what is seminiferous tubules site of
spermatogenesis
what is in the connective tissue stroma
leydig cells
what is leydig cells site fo
steroidogenesis
spermatogenic epithelium
contains sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells
what type orf cells are myoid cells
contractile cells
what are sertoli cells
supporting cells - true epithelium
what do spermatogenic cells undergo
spermatognesis to turn into mature sperm
where do spermatogenic cells migrate towards once they mature
lumen
what does spermatogenesis process consists of
mitosis, meiosis and spermiogeneis
what is the final differentiaon in sperm
spermiogenesis > final differentiation from round cells into mature sperm
where do spermatogonia cells sit on
basal lamina of seminiferous tubules
how many types of spermatogonia
TYPE A: DARK AND LIGHT
TYPE B
what is the type A dark cells in spermatogonia
stem cell reserve
- mitosis to replace themselves and maintain stem cell reserve
what is light in type a cells
renewing stem cells
committed to differentiate but first undergo mitotic divisiosn to increase number
type b in spermatogonia
last step in spermatogonial phase
what do type b spermatogonia undergo
meiosis
to produce primary spermatocytes
what do type b spermatogonia immediately replicate and for how long
DNA
and enter prophase I of meiosis in22 days
after type b spermatogonia undergo first meiotic division to become
primary
spermatocytes
do secondary spermatocytes replicate dna
no as they immediately enter prophase II of meiosis
what do secondary spermatocytes complete to form
2nd meiotic division to form spermatids (few hours)
are there changes to dna or cell divison in spermatids
no
what do spermatids transform into
mature sperm = spermiogenesis
what do spermatids physically attach to
sertoli cells during transformation
where does the final matturation of spermatoza occurs in
epididymis
what does the head of epididymis contain
acrosome
- enzymes to penetrate zona pellucida for fertilisation
function of sertoli cells
nutrients and growth factors, remove wastes
and BLOOD TESTIES BARRIER
what is blood testis barrier unique to
sertoli cells - junctional complex
what does blood testis barrier have which is very tight
tight junctions zona occludens
what does blood testis barrier segregates
pre-meiotic and post - meiotic
what is post meiotic
different dna
can antigens produced by sperm enter blood testies barrier
cant enter ciruclation
what happens if BTB fails
infertilisation
where is sperm manufactured in
testes
where is the storage and maturation of sperm in
epididymis
what does ejaculation forces sperm into
vas deferens
what does sperm meet with
seminal vesicles to form ejaculatory duct
where does sperm passes through and emptis into
seminal vessicles
urethra
where does contraction occur in ejaculation
vas deferens *sperm)
seminal vesicles and prostate and expel fluid
where does immature sperm enter epidiymis
at head (incapable of infertilisation)
how long does sperm take to travel through epidiemyis and undergo further maturation
12 days
where is mature sperm expelled from
tail into vas deferens at ej..
what is epididymis lined with
pseudostratified epithelium
what is the prinicapl cell of epididymis
stereocilia > absorptive
what happens in vas deferens
strong peristalltic contractions at emission carry sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicles
list the layers of vas deferens
inner longitudinal
middle circular
outer longitudinal
what combbines with vas deferens to form ejaculatory duct
short excretory duct
what does seminal vesicle product
70% of seminal plasma
function of seminal vesicle
fructose > main energy source for sperm
what does prostate surround
neck of bladder and urethra
how many compound tubuloalveolar glands does prostate contains
30-50
how many percentage of seminal plasma does prostate produces
30%
function of prostate
enzymes liquify semen after ejaculation
what allows for passage of urine and sperm
prostatic urethra
what is prostate surrounded by
fibromuscular stroma > contractions at ejaculation
where do glands of prostate empty into
prostatic urethra
where do bulbourethral glands empty into
penile urethra
function of bulb . glands
pre cum
neck of bladder of urethra ep
transitonal
prostatic uretha ep
transitionalmem
membranous urethra ep
pseuodostratified
most of penile urethra ep
pseuo
what is corpus cavernosa responsible for in penis
erection
90% of bloodwh
what does corpus spongiosum contain
urethra
what is penis surrounded by
dense fibroelastic layer
what are the 2 striated muscles at base of penis
- bulbospongiosus
- ischiocavernosus
