Placenta

Question 1

Formed by
1. Fetal side
2. Maternal side

Answer 1

1. Chorion frondosum > cytotrophoblast- shiny grey
2. Decidua basalis - dul red/maroon

Question 2

Weight
Volume

Answer 2

500 gm
500 ml ( 150 ml material, 350 ml fetal)

Question 3

Placentomegaly
Causes

Answer 3

Thickness>4cm avg-2.5cm ,upto 4cm N

1. High cardiac o/p in fetus
   Fetal anemia
   Hydrops fetalis
2. Maternal diabetes
3. Molar pregnancy
4. Intrauterine infection (syphilis>CMV)
5. Placental mesenchymal dysplasia & chorangioma

Question 4

Small placenta

Answer 4

1. Uteroplacental insufficiency
   PIH, high maternal bp
2. IUGR
3. Constitutionally small baby

Question 5

1° villi
2°villi
3° villi

Answer 5

Syncytotrophoblast + Cytotrophoblast

1° villi+ extra embryonic mesoderm

2° villi + opening of fetal blood capillaries in villi

Question 6

Maternal blood present in
Fetal blood +nt in

Answer 6

Intervillous space

Villi

Question 7

Uteroplacental circulation
Fetoplacental circulation
Fetal circulation

Answer 7

D15 after fertilization
D17 after fertilization
D21 after fertilization

Question 8

Types of placental seperation

Answer 8

Schultz- central seperation, retroplacental clot, bleeding less, fetal side out first

Duncan - peripheral seperation, more bleeding, maternal side first

Question 9

Protein that prevents thrombosis in placenta

Answer 9

Annexin-5

Question 10

Function

Answer 10

I. Metabolic
1. Glucose - source of energy, transfer via GLUT 1&3 receptor
2. Fatty acid - source of energy n subtract for cholesterol
3. Amino acid- fetal growth
4. Waste product - lactate

II. Endocrine
1. Steroid - Oestrogen, Progesterone, Corticosteroid
2. Peptide - hCG, HPL,CRH, VEGF, PLGF, soluble FMT like tyrosine kinase 1

Question 11

Vasodilation

Answer 11

CO
NO
Histamine
Serotonin
Prostaglandins
Corticotropin releasing hormone

Question 12

Vasoconstriction

Answer 12

Endothelin
RAAS

Question 13

Organism that breaks placental barrier

Answer 13

Treponema pallidum
Listeria
Toxoplasma
Zika virus