Placemaking

Question 1

Who creates places?

Answer 1

• Governments (national to local scale)
• Planners and architects
• Local community groups

Question 2

World population statistics

Answer 2

• Reached 7 billion in 2011

- Projected to reach 9-10 billion by 2050

Question 3

TNCs situation

Answer 3

• TNCs have become more prevalent across all sectors of the economy
• TNCs are considered placeless (as they exist in multiple locations), and therefore have the potential to bring inward investment to already established, declining and new places
• FDI increases with globalisation (since the 1980s) but fluctuates with economic booms and busts
• Tata will be the biggest overseas investors by 2020

Question 4

Hitachi Rail Europe (HRE)

Answer 4

• Manufacturing plant opened in Newton Aycliffe in 2015
• £85 million FDI from Japan into the UK
• Up to 6000 new jobs could be created
• Toyota, Nissan and Honda also have manufacturing plants in the UK (Burnaston, Sunderland, Swindon)

Question 5

24 hour cities

Answer 5

• The longer people are up and out, the more money spent
• In London, night bus routes doubled between 1999 and 2013, and passenger numbers tripled
• Since 2016, underground lines have started operating 24 hours for Friday and Saturday nights (weekends)
• 250 new license permissions after midnight

Question 6

Local community groups

Answer 6

• Resident associations tend to be concerned with housing, community and environmental matters- important on a local scale (e.g. issues such as traffic speeds through a neighbourhood, on-road parking, footpath maintenance, grass cutting of public spaces and the use of a community centre)
• Heritage associations where places defend their identity as having a distinctive character (e.g. former village which is now part of a larger settlement, such as Gracia, Barcelona)
• Digital placemaking now has a major role as a result of social media