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AA: Geography- Changing Spaces, Making Places > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Space

A

Areas which do not have meanings in the same way that places do. One person’s ‘space’ may be another’s ‘place’

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2
Q

Place

A

A space with meaning- a feeling or perception held by people to a specific space. This could be informed by age, gender, sexuality, religion

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3
Q

What characteristics make up a place?

A

Physical geography, demography, socio-economic, cultural, political, built environment

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4
Q

Location

A

The point on the Earth’s surface where a particular place is found

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5
Q

Locale

A

The setting for people’s daily activities

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6
Q

Sense of place

A

How we feel about particular meaningful locations

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7
Q

GRASP

A

Gender, race, age, sexuality, role performed

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8
Q

Life cycle stages

A

Infancy, adolescence, young adulthood, family maker, old age

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9
Q

Topophilia

A

A strong sense of place, which often becomes mixed with the sense of cultural identity among certain people and a love of certain aspects of such a place

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10
Q

Topophobia

A

A fear of certain places or situations

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11
Q

Positive emotions

A

Happiness, excitement, love, joy, satisfaction, nostalgia, passion, reminiscence

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12
Q

Neutral emotions

A

Indifference, impartiality, ambivalence, contentment

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13
Q

Negative emotions

A

Anxiety, fear, depression, trauma, overwhelm, reservation, embarrassment

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14
Q

Time-space compression

A

The increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer together even thought their distances are the same. Space time compression is the solution to distance decay because technology (e.g. internet, mobile phones) is allowing us to communicate more across longer distances

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15
Q

Global village

A

A phrase to describe that the world that has been “shrunk” by modern advances in communications

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16
Q

Agency

A

The facilitator- the film/advert/news article/survey/action that makes something happen (i.e. a charity like Oxfam could be the agency that represents Ethiopia in the media)

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17
Q

Geographical Information System (GIS)

A

A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyse, manage and present spatial or geographic data

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18
Q

Social inequality

A

The existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society

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19
Q

Spatial inequality

A

The unequal amounts of qualities or resources and services depending on the area or location, such as medical or welfare

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20
Q

Quality of life

A

The extent to which people’s needs and desires are met (social, psychological or physical) (e.g. are all people treated with equal dignity?; are everyone’s opinions heard and respected?)

21
Q

Standard of living

A

The ability to access services and goods such as food, water, clothing and housing

22
Q

Deprivation

A

When quality of life and standard of living are low (a general lack of resources and opportunities)

23
Q

Poverty

A

Not having enough money to support a decent standard of living

24
Q

Gross National Income (GNI)

A

All profits and incomes received in a territory- The highest GNI’s are in Western Europe and the USA, whilst the lowest are in Burundi and Ethiopia (both in Africa)

25
Q

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

A

How much your money will buy you, relative to each country (i.e. £1 will buy more in Ethiopia than in the UK)

26
Q

Squatter settlement

A

Land that is occupied illegally

27
Q

Informal sector

A

The part of an economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government

28
Q

Postcode lottery

A

A situation where postcodes directly affect the services an area can obtain (e.g. insurance prices)

29
Q

Trans National Corporations (TNCs)

A

Companies that operate between different countries

30
Q

Global shift

A

The movement of economic activity from ACs to EDCs and LIDCs

31
Q

New international division of labour

A

A geographic reorganisation of production due to deindustrialisation; manufacturing done in the developing world, services/tertiary sector in the developed world

32
Q

Deindustrialisation

A

A reduction of industrial activity

33
Q

Containerisation

A

Containers have a standardised size for convenience and ease of delivery

34
Q

Economic restructuring

A

AC’s moving from a manufacturing based economy (secondary industries) to a service sector based economy (tertiary industries)

35
Q

Post industrial society

A

The stage of economic development that follows industrialisation (tertiary/quaternary)

36
Q

Nation states

A

Countries

37
Q

Primary sector (LIDCs) (worth the least)

A

Jobs that take raw materials from the Earth (e.g. farming, mining, fishing)

38
Q

Secondary sector (EDCs)

A

Turning the raw materials into products (e.g. baker, manufacturer)

39
Q

Tertiary sector (ACs)

A

Providing a service (e.g. teaching, finance, legal help, healthcare)

40
Q

Quaternary sector (worth the most)

A

Researching (e.g. scientific research, engineering research)

41
Q

Comparative advantage

A

The ability for one group or individual to produce goods at a lower cost than another group

42
Q

Structural economic change

A

When a country moves from one sector to another (e.g. Secondary to Tertiary)

43
Q

The multiplier effect

A

Spending/investment in one part of the economy benefits the rest

44
Q

Austerity

A

Political view to cut costs and services in order to balance out the national budget and pay off debt

45
Q

Players

A

Individuals, groups of people or formal organisations who can influence, or can be influenced by, the process of change. Some players have more “power” or influence than others, especially in economic terms

46
Q

FDIs (Foreign direct investments)

A

Capital flows from TNC headquarters in ACs ($100 billion in China in 2015)

47
Q

Reimaging

A

Creating new metal images of a place, often through cultural elements (e.g. architecture, artistic events, sporting events)

48
Q

Rebranding

A

Marketing a place to give it a new identity in the eyes of its residents, potential investors and visitors

49
Q

Regenerating

A

The longer-term process of improving the economic, social and environmental aspects of a place

AA: Geography- Changing Spaces, Making Places (17 decks)

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