PL.2 Flashcards
Amines, acyl chlorides, and the formation of amides
What functional group does amines have?
-NH2 amine functional group.
How many alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen in primary amines?
One.
How many alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen in secondary amines?
Two.
What does the amine group look like in secondary amines?
-NH-
How many alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen in tertiary amines?
Three.
How many hydrogens are attached to the nitrogen in tertiary amines?
None.
What are the two ways of naming amines?
-amine, e.g. methylamine, or amino-, e.g. 2-aminopropane.
What properties of amines are cause by the presence of a lone pair on the nitrogen?
Its solubility in water and ability to act as a base.
What is the trend between the size of an amine chain and it solubility in water?
Longer chain amines are not as soluble in water as shorter chain amines.
The amine with a lone pair can act as a proton what?
Acceptor. Therefore it acts as a base.
What is the general formula for primary amide?
R-CONH2
Carboxylic acid is not reactive enough to react with amines to produce amides, what is normally used instead?
Acyl chloride or acid anhydride.
What is the general formula for secondary amide?
R-CONH-R’
What are polymers called when the linking group of the monomers is a secondary amide group?
Polyamides, or nylons.
What monomers are polyamides or nylons made from?
Diamine and dicarboxylic acid, or acid derivatives could be used as well.
When a nylon has two numbers in its name, what does the first number correspond to?
The number of carbon atoms in the diamine.
When a nylon has two numbers in its name, what does the second number correspond to?
The number of carbon atoms in the dicarboxylic acid.
When a nylon only has one number in its name, what does it indicate about its monomer?
There’s only one monomer, and it contains an amine group at one end and a carboxylic group at the other.
What are acyl chlorides?
They are essentially reactive forms of carboxylic acid.
What suffix is given to indicate acyl chloride?
-yl chloride
What are two examples of reactions where they are used instead of carboxylic acids to increase reactivity?
- Reacting with amines to produce amides.
- Reacting with alcohols to produce esters.
