Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Misc. Pharm Exams > PKPD Exam 3 > Flashcards

PKPD Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

bioavailability of digoxin tablets

A

f = 0.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bioavailability of digoxin elixir

A

f = 0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bioavailability of digoxin lanoxicaps

A

f = 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

average volume of digoxin

A

7.3 L/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

therapeutic range (css,av) for digoxin

A

0.5-2.0 ng/mL (mcg/L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why is pk optimization needed for digoxin

A

-high interpatient variability in disposition
-low TI
-poor accuracy in predicting PK parameters from patient characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

after how many hours are collected digoxin concentrations considered the Css,av concentration

A

6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the specific activity of anti-digoxin immune fab

A

0.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why is there a maximum infusion rate for phenytoin sodium

A

avoid hypotension due to cardiac suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the water soluble ester prodrug of phenytoin that avoids injection problems and can be administered more rapidly

A

fosphenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is IM phenytoin sodium not recommended

A

some precipitates resulting in prolonged erratic absorption, painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

phenytoin is a weak acid with limited water solubility, so absorption is…..

A

slow, peaks delayed several hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phenytoin is primarily bound to

A

albumin in the plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

concentrations of phenytoin needed to be adjusted to account for

A

altered protein binding
ESRD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which drug displaces phenytoin from plasma albumin and needs to be considered to adjust concentration

A

valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is phenytoin primarily cleared

A

hepatic metabolism by CYP2C9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what type of PK does phenytoin follow

A

nonlinear–> number of drug saturates the enzymes ability to metabolize the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

therapeutic range of phenytoin

A

10-20 mg/L of total phenytoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the Vd of phenytoin (estimated before data)

A

0.65 L/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the Vmax of phenytoin (estimated before data)

A

7 mg/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the Km of phenytoin (for estimation before data, or when 1 dosing regimen is available)

A

4 mg/L

22
Q

what is the absorption of carbamazepine

A

-rate varies between dosage forms
-may have saturable absorption, high doses may have reduced F
-IR- slow, erratic, unpredictable due to slow dissolution (secondary peaks may occur)

23
Q

should IR or ER carbamazepine be taken with food

A

IR & ER tabs– yes
ER caps– with or without

24
Q

distribution of carbamazepine

A

rapid and uniform
binds to albumin and AAG

25
Q

how is carbamazepine primarily cleared

A

hepatic metabolism by CYP3A4

26
Q

what DDIs are carbamazepine responsible for

A

potent enzyme inducer- enhances metabolism of many drugs

27
Q

carbamazepine is an autoinducer, so it…

A

induces its own metabolism

28
Q

what is the therapeutic range of carbamazepine

A

4-12 mg/L

29
Q

what concentration of carbamazepine is associated with AEs

A

> 15 mg/L

30
Q

how is dosing initiated in carbamazepine

A

-start at 1/4 to 1/3 of the desired maintenance dose
-increase by a similar amount ever 2-3 weeks until desired dose reached

31
Q

when can therapeutic effect and steady state be assessed in carbamazepine

A

2-3 weeks after final dosing increase

32
Q

what is the benefit of gradual exposure of carbamazepine

A

-tolerance of AEs
-allows liver enzyme induction and CL increases to occur over the 6-12 week period

33
Q

absorption of valproic acid

A

rate depends on dosage form, delay may be 1-6 hours

34
Q

how does food affect absorption of valproic acid

A

can decrease the rate of absorption
time to achieve peak may be delayed 3-8 hours

35
Q

what is the distribution of valproic acid

A

Vd is relatively small

36
Q

what is valproic acid bound to? is it saturable

A

highly bound to albumin, binding is saturable

37
Q

how is valproic acid cleared

A

primarily eliminated by the liver

38
Q

what concentration dependent change occurs with valproic acid?
what does this reflect

A

CL –> higher CL at higher concentrations
higher CL may reflect saturable protein binding

39
Q

what DDIs is valproic acid responsible for

A

enzyme inhibitor
subject to enzyme induction

40
Q

what is the target concentration of valproic acid

A

minimum trough: 40-50 mg/L
seizure control improves with trough: 40-120 mg/L
some may tolerate and benefit from >120 mg/L

41
Q

what is the typical maintenance dose of valproic acid

A

15 mg/kg/day

42
Q

what is the density of ethanol

A

0.78924 g/mL

43
Q

how is BAC provided

A

%w/v (g/dL)

44
Q

alcohol contents of beer

A

5% v/v
18mL/355mL

45
Q

alcohol contents of wine

A

12%
18mL/150mL

46
Q

alcohol contents of distilled beverages

A

40%
12mL/30mL

47
Q

how is gastric emptying affected by high concentrations of EtOH? how does this affect absorption?

A

gastric emptying inhibited by high concentrations
complete absorption may require 2-6h

48
Q

what is distribution of ethanol

A

very rapid, V ~ V of total body water (0.6L/kg)

49
Q

how is ethanol primarily metabolized

A

oxidized
metabolized to acetylaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase, then further metabolized to acetyl CoA

50
Q

what type of PK does ethanol follow

A

nonlinear –> elimination is saturable

Misc. Pharm Exams (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions