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Endocrine Physiology > Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid > Flashcards

Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid Flashcards

1
Q

GH effect on body (4)?

A

Increased Protein Synthesis
Increased Mineral Density/Bone Gowth
Decreased Carb metabolism
Increased Fat metabolism

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2
Q

GH effect on blood glucose?

A

Raises (Diabetogenic)

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3
Q

IGF-1 released from where?

A

Liver

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4
Q

What would you expect to happen to GH release after Insulin administration?

A

Increased release to raise blood sugar

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5
Q

What would you expect to happen to GH after glucose administration?

A

Decreased GH release (SST release?)

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6
Q

What happens in GH deficient patients with Insulin test?

A

GH stays low

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7
Q

What happens in GH hypersecretion patients with glucose administration?

A

GH stays high

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8
Q

D2 receptor acts via what to lower prolactin and GH?

A

Gi –> Decreased cAMP

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9
Q

3 direct actions of TSH?

A

T3 and T4 secretion
Increase thyroid peroxidase action
Increase Na/I pump

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10
Q

Actions of Thyroid Peroxidase (2)?

A

Organification I- –> I2

Conjugation of MIT/DIT –> T3 and T4

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11
Q

Three carriers for Thyroid hormone?

A

TBG
Transthyretin
Albumin

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12
Q

Which thyroid carrier holds more T4 than T3?

A

Transthyretin

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13
Q

Which thyroid carrier holds more T3 than T4?

A

Albumin

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14
Q

Where is deiodinase I found?

A

Liver Kidneys

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15
Q

Where is deiodinase II found?

A

Brain, Muscle, Pituitary

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16
Q

Where is deiodinase III found?

A

Brain Skin Placenta

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17
Q

Which deiodinases deactivate?

A

1 and 3

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18
Q

Which deiodinases activate T4–>T3?

A

1 and 2

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19
Q

Coarse face, myxedema, cold intolerance, wt gain?

A

HYPOthyroid

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20
Q

Lid Lag, Exophthalmos, osteoporosis, moist skin, wt loss?

A

HYPERthyroid

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21
Q

MCC of hypothyroid?

A

Hashimoto

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22
Q

MCC of hyperthyroid?

A

Graves’

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23
Q

Anti-Peroxidase Ab and Hurthle Cells diagnostic for?

A

Hashimoto

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24
Q

Hashimoto has painful or painless thyroiditis?

A

Painless

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25
Q

What happen to thyroid usually after pregnancy?

A

Self-limiting Hyperthyroidism (Silent thyroiditis)

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26
Q

Which thyroiditis is usually painful?

A

DeQuervain Thyroiditis

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27
Q

Which thyroiditis usually follows a URTI and has multinucleate giant cells?

A

DeQuervian Thyroiditis

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28
Q

Reidel’s Thyroiditis pathogenesis?

A

Fibroblasts create “wooden thyroid”

29
Q

Graves’ disease pathogenesis?

A

TR stimulating Abs

30
Q

Graves’ disease triad?

A

Hyperthyroid
Ophthalmopathy
Dermatopathy (pretibial myxedema)

31
Q

Cabbage, brussel sprouts, turnips, and califlower inhibit what?

A

Iodine uptake

32
Q

4 types of thyroid carcinoma?

A

Papillary
Follicular
Medullary
Anaplastic

33
Q

MCC of thyroid carcinoma?

A

Papillary

34
Q

Which thyroid carcinoma looks like an adenoma?

A

Follicular

35
Q

Orphan Annie eyes and psammoma bodies in which carcinoma?

A

Papillary

36
Q

Which thyroid carcinoma is of the C Cells?

A

Medullary

37
Q

Two pathological findings in Medullary thyroid carcinoma?

A

Nesting pattern

Amyloidosis

38
Q

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma looks like what other cancer?

A

Lymphoma

39
Q

Moan, Stone, Bone, Groan?

A

Hyperparathyroid

40
Q

Primary hyperparathyroid MCC?

A

Parathyroid adenoma

41
Q

Secondary hyperparathyroid MCC?

A

Chronic Renal Failure with low Ca

42
Q

Pseudohyperparathyroidism

A

Small Cell Lung Cancer secretes PTH-like hormone

43
Q

Lab differences between primary and secondary hyperparathyroid?

A 
Primary = high Ca
Secondary = low Ca
44
Q

Parathyroid direct actions (4)?

A

Increased M-CSF and RANK-L
Increased Kidney Ca reabsorption in DCT
Decreased PO4 reabsorption in PCT
Increased 1,25OH-VitD synthesis via 1-a-hydroxylase

45
Q

1,25 Vit D effect on Ca?

A

Increased Intestinal Ca absorption

Increased Intestinal PO4 absorption

46
Q

Negative regulators of PTH?

A

1,25 Vit D
High Ca
VERY Low Mg

47
Q

Stimulation of PTH?

A

Low Ca

Low Mg

48
Q

Chvostek’s sign and Trousseau’s sign are indicative of what?

A

Hypo-calcemia

49
Q

4 causes of HYPOparathyroid in descending order?

A
  • Accidental surgical removal of Parathyroid
  • DiGeorges 22q11
  • Idiopathic
  • Familial
50
Q

Normal relationship between GH and IGF1? What does low IGF1 indicate?

A

GH stimulates IGF1 release

Low IGF-1 Indicates Low GH (or possibly malnutrition)

51
Q

Normal sequence of hormone loss in hypopiuitarism?

A

GH –> FSH/LH –> TRH –> ACTH

52
Q

What disease’s are possible with anti-TSH-R or anti-thyroglobulin Autoantibodies?

A

Hashimoto’s

Graves

53
Q

Parathyroid Hormone Direct Actions (3)?

A

Mobilize Ca from Bones (Osteoblast signal to Osteoclast)
Increase Kidney Ca reabsorption
Increased Vit D (Increasing Intestinal Ca absorption)

54
Q

What hormone has the greatest direct effect on epiphyseal plate growth?

A

IGF1

55
Q

Direct function of Thyroid Peroxidase?

A

MIT/DIT –> T3/T4

56
Q

TSI stands for what?

A

Thyroid Stimulating Igs

57
Q

What disease would you expect to have elevated TSI?

A

Grave’s Thyroiditis

58
Q

What cells in the parathyroid secrete PTH?

A

Chief Cells

59
Q

Darker cells in parathyroid gland? Lighter?

A 
Darker = Chief
Lighter = Oxyphils
60
Q

Infundibulum of the pit is derived from what germ layer?

A

Neural ectoderm (Neurohypophysis)

61
Q

Acidophiles in the ant pit secrete what?

A

GH

Prolactin

62
Q

Pituicytes are found in what area of the pituitary?

A

Post. Pituitary (The nucleated cells there)

63
Q

Innervation of pineal gland?

A

Post-ganglionics from the superior cervical ganglion

64
Q

Melatonin effects?

A

Suppress gonadotropin

Retards gonadal growth

65
Q

Thyroid endodermal pouch derivatives?

A

I and II

66
Q

Parathyroid pouch derivatives?

A

III and IV

67
Q

Parafollicular cell pouch derivatives?

A

IV

68
Q

What origin cell type gives rise to parafollicular cells?

A

NCC

Endocrine Physiology (4 decks)

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