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Endocrine Physiology > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

FOX01 is associated with transcription of what enzymes?

A

G6P and PEP-CK

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2
Q

What effects are seen in DM1 and not in DM2 that make it more severe?

A

Resting Lipolysis causing:
High Free FA
Ketoacidosis

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3
Q

PGC1a is a co-factor for what enzymes to be transcribed?

A

G6P and PEP-CK

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4
Q

Testosterone effect on Insulin signaling?

A

Increases
Higher PKB
Increased GLUT4 expression

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5
Q

High FA effect on Testosterone?

A

Converts Testosterone –> Estradiol

Estradiol inhibits T
Low T increases adipose (snowball)

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6
Q

Insulin effect on lipase?

A

Inhibits, resulting in low FA

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7
Q

Insulin effects on Liver enzymes?

A 
Increased Glycogen Synthesis
Increased PP1
Decreased Glycogen Synthesis Kinase
Decreased PEP-CK
Decreased G6P
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8
Q

PKB direct effects?

A

Increased GLUT4
Increased PP1
Decreased Glycogen Synthase Kinase
Decreased FOX01

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9
Q

PKA direct effects?

A

Decreased PFK-2

Increased CREB and PCG1a

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10
Q

Parasympathetic stimulation (Cholinergic) does what to Insulin and Glucagon secretion?

A

Increased Both

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11
Q

Sympathetic stimulation does what to Insulin and Glucagon secretion?

A

Decrease Insulin

Increase Glucagon

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12
Q

GLP1 and GIP does what to Insulin and Glucagon secretion?

A

Increase Insulin

Decrease Glucagon

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13
Q

Amylin does what to Insulin and Glucagon secretion?

A

Increased Insulin
Decreased glucagon
Also delays gastric emptying

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14
Q

SST does what to Insulin and Glucagon secretion?

A

Decrease Both

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15
Q

Cortisol and GH does what to Insulin and Glucagon secretion?

A

Decrease Insulin

Increased Glucagon

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16
Q

GIP is secreted by what cells in response to what?

A

High glucose in meal –> K Cells release

17
Q

SGLT1 is found where?

A

Intestinal cells

18
Q

SGLT2 is found where?

A

Kidneys

19
Q

GLUT1 is found where?

A

Most cells

BBB

20
Q

GLUT2 is found where?

A

Glucose sensing cells
Liver
Beta Cells
Hypothalamus

21
Q

GLUT3 is found where?

A

Neurons
Placenta
Testes
WBC

22
Q

GLUT4 is found where?

A

Insulin dependent Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Adipose

23
Q

GLUT5 is found where?

A

Fructose transporting cells
Sperm Cells
Intestine

24
Q

HLA DP, DQ, DR are what?

A

MCHII receptors

25
Q

What happens to MHCII receptors in Type 1 DM?

A

MHCII doesn’t bind well enough to self to be inactivated

Eventually get cross-activated to autoimmunity

26
Q

Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis?

A

Waistline >40 in men
TG >150
BP> 130
HDL < 40 men

27
Q

Metabolic syndrome symptoms?

A

NONE

28
Q

Metabolic syndrome tx?

A

Metformin

Statins

29
Q

Which hormone is the “hunger hormone”?

What are its effects on Insulin, SST, and Glucagon?

A

Ghrelin
Increase Glucagon
Decrease SST, Insulin

30
Q

Obesity causes adipocytes to release MCP1 which results in what?

A

Macrophage recruitment which causes TNFa release?

31
Q

What does TNFa released by macrophages do to adipocytes?

A

Inhibit Insulin effects (Decreased PKB),
Increasing lipolysis
Decreased GLUT4 receptors
Increases Free circulating FA

32
Q

Free FA binds TLR4 in skeletal muscle and Liver causing what?

A

Decreased Insulin sensitivty

33
Q

How are beta cells destroyed due to increased Insulin secretion in type II DM?

A

Increased Insulin secretion –> b cell inflammation –> generation of ROS

34
Q

Diagnosis for diabetes?

A

Fasting gluc >126 two times
A1C >6.5%
Symptomatic with glucose >200

35
Q

What organ holds the cells that secrete GLP1 and GIP? (Incretins)

A

Small Intestine

36
Q

Pancreatic Polypeptide is secreted by what cells?

A

PP (F) cells

37
Q

Pancreatic polypeptide function?

A 
Inhibit exocrine pancreas
Relax GallBladder (Decreased secretion)

Endocrine Physiology (4 decks)

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