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Endocrine Physiology > Adrenal Glands > Flashcards

Adrenal Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What effect will cortisol have on Glucose, FFA and BUN?

A

Raise all of them (gluconeogenesis, FA and protein catabolism)

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2
Q

How is cortisol transported in blood?

A

90% bound (most to CBG, some to albumin)

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3
Q

What effect does pregnancy have on cortisol?

A

Increases

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4
Q

What effect does Liver cirrhosis have on cortisol? Why?

A

Decrease (less CBG)

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5
Q

Difference between 11-b-hydroxylase 2 and 1?

A 
2 deactivates (Oxidizes)
1 activates (Reduces)
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6
Q

Where do you find 11-b-hydroxylase 2?

A

Kidneys, colon, salivary glands, placenta

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7
Q

Aldosterone effect on Na and K?

A

High Na

Low K

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8
Q

Major regulator of Aldosterone synth?

A

Low blood volume –> Ang II –> Increased Aldo

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9
Q

Mitochondrial enzymes in adrenal steroid synthesis?

A

Side-Chain cleaving enzyme
11-b-hydroxylase
Aldosterone Synthase

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10
Q

SER enzymes in adrenal steroid synthesis?

A

21-a-hydroxylase
17-a-hydroxylase
17-20-Desmolase

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11
Q

Cytoplasmic enzymes in adrenal steroid synthesis?

A

3-b-hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase

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12
Q

MC enzyme deficiency in adrenal steroid synthesis?

A

21-a-hydroxylase deficiency

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13
Q

Decreased Aldo, cortisol
Increased androgens
HYPOtension?

A

21-a-hydroxylase deficieny

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14
Q

Decreased Aldo, cortisol
Increased androgens
HYPERtension?

A

11-b-hydroxylase deficiency

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15
Q

Decreased cortisol, androgens
Increased aldo
HYPER tension?

A

17-a-hydroxylase deficiency

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16
Q

No cortisol release in response to short ACTH administration?

A

Hypocortisolism

17
Q

Slow cortisol release in response to Long ACTH administration?

A

Secondary Hypocortisolism (ACTH def)

18
Q

No cortisol release in response to Long ACTH administration?

A

Primary Hypocortisolism

19
Q

Low ACTH in hypercortisolism?

A

Primary Adrenal hypersecretion

  • Steroid Over use
  • Adrenal tumor
20
Q

High ACTH in hypercortisolism? How do you differentiate between causes?

A 
Cushing Disease (Pituitary tumor)
Ectopic secretion from Small Cell Lung Cancer

Dexamethasone challenge

21
Q

High ACTH, hypercortisolism, no response to dex challenege?

A

Ectopic Secretion

22
Q

High ACTH, hypercortisolism, decrease ACTH with dex challenge?

A

Pituitary adenoma (Cushing Disease)

23
Q

ACTH effects what enzyme in the adrenal glands?

A

Side-Chain cleavage (rate limiting step)

24
Q

ACTH binds what receptor in Adrenal glands?

A

MC2-R

25
Q

Difference between MC2-R and MC1-R?

A 
MC2R = Adrenal gland activation
MC1R = Melanocytes stimulate in skin and gums for pigmentation
26
Q

Late-Night salivary cortisol test looks at what? What does it indicate?

A

Cortisol at night

Loss of circadian cortisol control = Cushing Syndrome

27
Q

Conn Syndrome is what?

A

Congenital hypersecretion of Aldo

28
Q

Childhood cancer of adrenal glands with rosettes and round blue cells?

A

Neuroblastoma

29
Q

Adrenal tumor with nest cells and “salt-and-pepper” chromatin?

A

Pheochromocytoma

30
Q

What is a rare, but treatable cause of hypertension?

A

Pheochromocytoma

31
Q

What type of rosettes are found in adrenal neuroblastomas?

A

Homer-Wright Rosettes

32
Q

What effect would hyperaldosteronism have on BP, K, and blood acid/base level?

A

High BP
Hypokalemia
Metabolic Alkalosis

33
Q

Cortisol effect on blood glucose?

A

Hyperglycemia (diabetogenic)

34
Q

Major symptomatic difference between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency?

A

Primary = Hypotension and hyperpigmentation

Secondary = normal BP (Renin Ang Aldo still work)
Hypopigmentation (Low POMC)

35
Q

What hormone level will be different in primary vs. secondary hyperaldosteronism?

A

Renin will be low in primary, High in secondary

36
Q

Causes of secondary hyperaldosteronism?

A

CHF
RAS
Renin-producing tumor

37
Q

Virulization is what? and due to what?

A

Masculinization of a female karyotype

d/t increased androgens from adrenal problem

38
Q

Cortex and Medulla cell line derivatives?

A 
Medulla = NCC
Cortex = Mesoderm
39
Q

Paraganaglia cells are found where and secrete what?

A

They are chromaffin-like cells usually located retroperitoneally with sympathetic ganglia
They secrete Epi

Endocrine Physiology (4 decks)

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