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1a3a. Endocrine > Pituitary Gland Anatomy > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main endocrine glands in the cranial cavity?

A

Hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland

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2
Q

What are the main endocrine glands in the neck?

A

Thyroid Gland

Four parathyroid glands

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3
Q

What are the main endocrine glands in the retroperitoneal abdomen?

A

Pancreas

Two adrenal glands

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4
Q

What are the main endocrine glands in the female pelvis?

A

Two ovaries in ligaments

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5
Q

What are the main endocrine glands in the perineum of males?

A

Two testes in the scrotum

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6
Q

What is the dicephalon?

A

This forms the central core of the cerebrum with connections to the right and left cerebral hemispheres and midbrain

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7
Q

What is found within the dicephalon?

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

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8
Q

What connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

A

Infundibulum (pituitary stalk)

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9
Q

What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior and posterior lobes

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10
Q

What is the function of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Responsible for synthesis and release of most pituitary hormones (GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL)

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11
Q

What is the function of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Releases ADH and oxytocin (synthesised in the hypothalamus

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12
Q

What is the location of the pituitary gland?

A

Pituitary gland is a midline structure in pituitary fossa of sphenoid bone

Pituitary fossa lies in sella turcica

Immediately inferior to the optic chiasma

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13
Q

What forms the optic chiasma?

A

The optic chiasm is an X-shaped structure formed by the crossing of the optic nerves in the brain.

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14
Q

What are the three parts of the anterior pituitary?

A

Pars distalis
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis

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15
Q

What is the function of the pars distalis?

A

It is a part of the anterior pituitary. This is the largest part and is responsible for hormone secretion.

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16
Q

What is the function of the pars intermedia?

A

This is a part of the pituitary gland. It is a thin epithelial layer that separates the pars anterior from the posterior lobe. It is usually very small or absent in adults. It produces MSH.

17
Q

What is the function of the pars tuberalis?

A

This is a part of the pituitary gland. An upwards extension of the anterior pituitary that surrounds the anterolateral aspect of the infundibulum. It is a scaffold for the capillary network of the hypophyseal portal system.

18
Q

What is the artery that supplies the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Superior hypophyseal artery

19
Q

What arteries supply the posterior pituitary?

A

Superior hypophyseal artery
Inferior hypophyseal artery
Interfundibular artery

20
Q

What vein drains the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior and posterior hypophyseal veins

21
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses?

A

Airfilled spaces within the bones surrounding the nasal cavitities

22
Q

What are the ethmoid air cells?

A

Three groups of sinuses located between the nasal cavity and orbit

23
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Secrete mucus
Reduce the weight of the skull
Add resonance to the voice

24
Q

Where is the dural matter?

A

Adherent to internal aspects of all bones of cranial vault

25
Q

What is the diaphragma sellae?

A

A tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

26
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

tough sheet of dura mater “tenting” over cerebellum with central gap to permit brainstem to pass through)

27
Q

What are the dural venous sinuses?

A

Venous channels within dura mater that drain most of venous blood from cranial cavity (including brain) into internal jugular veins

28
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain into?

A

internal jugular veins at jugular foraminae in floor of posterior cranial fossa

29
Q

What is the cavernous sinus?

A

One of the dural venous sinuses of the head.

1a3a. Endocrine (19 decks)

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