Pituitary gland

Question 1

Posterior pituitary produces what two hormones?

Answer 1

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Oxytocin

Question 2

What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 2

TSH
FSH and LH
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Question 3

Dopamine from the hypothalamus upregulates the secretion of Prolactin from the Pituitary (T/F)

Answer 3

False

-dopamine inhibits prolactin secretion

Question 4

What is a common complication of piuitary gland hypertrophy / tumour?

Answer 4

Compression of the optic chiasma

-vision disturbance

Question 5

What does the insulin stress test measure?

Answer 5

Pituitary function

-Cortisol and Growth Hormone response

Question 6

What drugs can lead to increased prolactin secretion?

Answer 6

Metoclopramide (dopamine antagonist)

Antipsychotics (Phenothiazines)

Question 7

Raised prolactin can result from Hypothyroidism (T/F)

Answer 7

True

Question 8

How does raised prolactin present in males?

Answer 8

• impotence

- abnormal visulal field

Question 9

How does prolactonoma present in females?

Answer 9

galactorrhoea
menstrual irregularity, loss of menstruation
infertility

Question 10

Carbergoline is a drug used in Prolactinoma. How does it work?

Answer 10

Dopamine agonist

Question 11

What is measured in acromegaly diagnosis?

Answer 11

Glucose Tolerance Test
-measure Growth Hormone

Insulin-like growth factor 1

Question 12

What drug classes are used in Acromegaly treatment?

Answer 12

Somatostatin Analogues
-Sandostatin

Dopamine Agonists
-Cabergoline

GH Antagonists
-Pegvisomant

Question 13

What are the causes of Hypopituitarism?

Answer 13

• Pituitary tumours
• Local brain tumours (comporession)
• Granulomatous disease (TB, sarcoidosis)
• Trauma (skull fractures)

Question 14

What are the possible presentations of Hypopituitarism in males?

Answer 14

Impotence
Gynaecomastia
Loss of facial, axillary and pubic hair

Question 15

What are the possible presentations of hypoputuitarism in females?

Answer 15

Menstrual irregularities

Infertility

Question 16

How is hypopituitarism diagnosed?

Answer 16

Pituitary stimulation test

Question 17

What is the treatment in hypopituitarism?

Answer 17

Supplement hormones

• thyroxine
• hydrocortisone
• ADH
• GH
• Sex steroids (males: testosterone; females: HRT)

Question 18

What are the side effects of Testosterone Replacement?

Answer 18

Prostate enlargement

Polycythaemia
-excess RBCs

Hepatitis
-from tablets

Question 19

How is Diabetes Insipidus diagnosed?

Answer 19

Water deprivation test

-can kidneys concentrate urine

Question 20

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Answer 20

yes

Question 21

What are the complications of large Pituitary Adenomas?

Answer 21

• defects of visual field
• pressure atrophy of surrounding tissue (function decreases)
• infarction leading to loss of anterior pituitary hormone secretion

Question 22

What are the causes of Adrenal hyperfunction (3)?

Answer 22

Hyperplasia
-congenital / Cushing’s

• Adenoma
• Carcinoma

Question 23

What can cause acute adrenocorcical insufficiency?

Answer 23

Rapid withdrawal of steroid treatment

Question 24

Name 2 Adrenal Medullary Tumours.

Answer 24

Pheochromocytoma

Neuroblastoma

Question 25

What is a predictor if poor outcome in Neuroblastoma biopsy?

Answer 25

N-myc aplification

Telomerase expression

Question 26

What clinical feature is present in 90% of Phaeochromocytome patients?

Answer 26

Hypertension

Question 27

What do Pheochromocytoma tumours secrete?

Answer 27

Catecholamines