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Endocrine > Pituitary gland > Flashcards

Pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q
A

Extension of hypothalamus

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2
Q

What does pituitary gland form from?

A

Rathke’s pouch

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3
Q

Function of anterior pituitary?

A

Create and release 6 hormones

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4
Q

How is pituitary connected to hypothalamus?

A

Pituitary stalk

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5
Q

What are 6 hormones secreted from anterior pituitary?

A

FLAT PEG
Flat- tropic (act other endocrine glands)
Peg- effect directly

FSH- act on gonadotrophs and target gonads
- rise oestrogen
- develop ovarian follicles
- spermatogenesis

LH- act gonadotrophins
- promote ovulation
- promote testosterone

ACTH- act on adrenal cortex
- secrete cortisol (glucocorticoid release)

TSH- act thyroid
- stimulates thyroid to secrete T3 + T4
- increased metabolism

Prolactin- produce in lactotrophs (AP)
- stimulates lactation
- breast development

Endorphins- inhibit perception pain

GH- produced in somatotrophs (AP)
- stimulates growth and protein synthesis

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6
Q

What hormone stimulates lactation?

A

Prolactin

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7
Q

What hormone stimulates thyroid?

A

TSH

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8
Q

What hormone rises oestrogen and causes spermatogenesis?

A

FSH

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9
Q

What hormone stimulates growth?

A

GH

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10
Q

What hormone promotes ovulation?

A

LH

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11
Q

What hormone secretes cortisol?

A

ATCH

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12
Q

What hormone responsible for inhibition pain?

A

Endorphins

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13
Q

Where does ACTH act?
Function?

A

ACTH- act on adrenal cortex
- secrete cortisol (glucocorticoid release)

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14
Q

Where does FSH act?
Function?

A

FSH- act on gonadotrophs and target gonads
- rise oestrogen
- develop ovarian follicles
- spermatogenesis

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15
Q

Where does LH act?
Functions?

A

LH- act gonadotrophins
- promote ovulation
- promote testosterone

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16
Q

Where does TSH act?
Function?

A

TSH- act thyroid
- stimulates thyroid to secrete T3 + T4
- increased metabolism

17
Q

What feedback occurs in anterior pituitary?
Short or long

A

Negative feedback
All long except Prolactin and GH (short- act direct)

18
Q

What type receptors do pituitary and hypothalamic hormones act on?

A

G-Protein couple receptors

19
Q

What hormone stimulates release of ACTH?
Function ACTH?

A

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) – stimulates release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

ACTH-ncreased cortisol produced in adrenal cortex from zona fasciculata

20
Q

What hormone stimulates release GH?
Function of GH?
Inhibit?

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) – stimulates release of growth hormone (GH)
Somatostatin (SST) inhibits release of GHRH

GH- growth and protein synthesis

21
Q

What stimulates TSH?
Function?

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) – stimulates release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

TSH function- T3 + T4 increase
- increase metabolism

22
Q

What stimulates LH and FSH?
Function?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) – stimulates release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Function LH and FSH- gonads to increase oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone

23
Q

What inhibits release prolactin?

A

Dopamine

24
Q

What hormones released in posterior pituitary?

A

Vasopressin (ADH- anti- diuretic hormone)
Oxytocin

25
Q

When is vasopressin (ADH) released?

A

Increased osmotic pressure in blood
Decreased blood volume

26
Q

What is effect vasopressin (ADH)?

A

1) Increased AQP2 expression in collecting duct cells
Leads to increased water reabsorption
Results in increased blood volume
2) Vasoconstriction of smooth muscle cells around blood vessels
Leads to increased blood pressure

27
Q

What does somatostatin inhibit?

A

Release of GHRH
Needed GH

28
Q

Is ADH positive or negative feedback system?

A

Negative

29
Q

Where is oxytocin produced?

A

Posterior pituitary

30
Q

Where is ADH (vasopressin) produced?

A

Posterior pituitary

31
Q

What stimulates release posterior pituitary?

A

Nipple stimulation

32
Q

Function of oxytocin?

A

1) Promotion labour
2) Uterine smooth muscle contraction
3) COntraction muscles of breasts promote milk ejection

33
Q

What hormone responsible vasoconstriction?

A

ADH

34
Q

What hormone responsible for promotion labour?

A

Oxytocin

Endocrine (6 decks)

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