Adrenal gland

Question 1

Where is adrenal gland located?

Answer 1

Supramedial aspect of kidneys

Question 2

List 3 retroperitoneal structures?

Answer 2

1) Kidney
2) Adrenal gland
3) Urethra

Question 3

What is blood supply to adrenal glands

Answer 3

Superior adrenal artery from inferior phrenic
Middle adrenal artery from abdominal aorta
Inferior adrenal artery from renal artery

Question 4

What is venous drainage from adrenal gland?

Answer 4

Right kidney directly into inferior vena cava
Left kidney into left renal vein then into IVC

Question 5

What is the nerve supply to adrenal glands?

Answer 5

Splanchnic nerve

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

What are 3 layers of adrenal gland?

Answer 7

Zona glomerulus (outer capsule)
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis (closest medulla)

Question 8

What is produced at zona glomerulosa?

Answer 8

Mineralocorticoids

Question 9

Function of zona glomerulosa?

Answer 9

Regulate body’s electrolytes via aldosterone

Question 10

What triggers secretion aldosterone?
From where?

Answer 10

Secretion triggered by renin from juxtaglomerular cells of kidney

Question 11

What effect does aldosterone have?

Answer 11

Increases Na/K ATPase expression basolaterally

Question 12

Function of zona fasciculata?

Answer 12

Production glucocorticoids
Stress

Question 13

Where is cortisol produced?

Answer 13

Adrenal glands
Zona fasciculata

Question 14

Function cortisol?

Answer 14

Stress

Question 15

What stimulates cortisol?

Answer 15

Hypothalamus releases corticotropin releasing hormone
Acts anterior pituitary stimulate ACTH
Cholesterol
Converted cortisol in mitochondria

Question 16

State 3 effects of cortisol?

Answer 16

1) Increased energy mobilisation
2) Immune suppression
3) Inhibit growth and reproduction (non-essential during fight/ flight)

Question 17

Is cortisol production positive or negative feedback?

Answer 17

Negative feedback – cortisol acts on hypothalamus and pituitary
Diurnal rhythm – high levels in morning and early afternoon

Question 18

What is produced in Zona Fasciculata?

Answer 18

Glucocorticoids
eg. stress

Question 19

Where are glucocorticoids and androgens produced?

Answer 19

Zona reticularis

Question 20

What does the zona reticularis produce?

Answer 20

Glucocorticoids
Androgens

Question 21

What does the …. make:
Zona Glomerulosa
Zona Fasciculata
Zona Reticularis

Answer 21

Zona glomerulosa- mineralcorticoids, salt
- aldosterone
Zona fasciculata- glucocorticoids
- cortisol (stress)
Zona reticularis- androgens
- testosterone

Question 22

Where is testosterone stored?

Answer 22

Zona reticularis

Question 22

Where is testosterone stored?

Answer 22

Zona reticularis

Question 23

Label?

Answer 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

Where is adrenaline and noradrenaline produced?

Answer 25

Adrenal medulla

Question 26

What does the adrenal medulla produce?

Answer 26

Adrenaline
Noradrenaline

Question 27

What is split of adrenaline and noradrenaline?

Answer 27

Adrenaline (80%) and noradrenaline (20%)

Question 28

What nervous system is adrenaline part of?

Answer 28

Autonomic nervous system

Question 29

What is production of adrenaline reliant on?

Answer 29

Production cortisol

Question 30

What are effects of adrenaline? (4)

Answer 30

Gluconeogenesis – liver and muscles
Lipolysis – adipocytes
Tachycardia – increased rate (also increased contractility)
Redistribution of circulatory volume

Question 31

What is the receptor for adrenaline?

Answer 31

Beta