Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrino :D > Pituitary Disorders - up to Hypopituitaratism > Flashcards

Pituitary Disorders - up to Hypopituitaratism Flashcards

1
Q

Management for an <1 cm incidentaloma

A

Prolactin level

MRI (yearly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Management for an >1 cm incidentaloma

A 
9:
Prolactin level
MRI (yearly)
24-hour urine cortisol
TSH
T4
LH
FSH
IGF
Test visual fields for evidence of optic chiasm compression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Empty Sella Syndrome etiologies

A

associated with surgery, obesity, and radiation therapy; however, 70% are
idiopathic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Empty Sella Syndrome management

A

“Check

thyroid and adrenal function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Panhypopituitarism WEIRD name etiologies

A

Rathke cleft cysts, meningiomas,

craniopharyngiomas,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Panhypopituitarism Presentation

A

Hormone deficiency specific

can be any of them! creo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Panhypopituitarism general etiology

A

anything that damages

the brain, from tumor to stroke to infection to trauma, can cause panhypopituitarism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Prolactin deficiency: cx fx

A

NONE in men

Women: inhibits lactation after childbirth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LOW Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): Women
cxfx

A

will not be able to ovulate or menstruate normally and will become
amenorrheic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CxFx if LOW Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): men

A

Men will not make testosterone or sperm.

erectile dysfunction and decreased muscle mass.
FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) what happen in both sex?

A

Both will have

decreased libido and decreased axillary, pubic, and body hair.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kallmann syndrome Etiology

A

KAL-1 mutation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Kallmann syndrome

FSH and LH?

A

Decreased FSH and
LH from decreased
GnRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Kallmann syndrome cxfx

A

Anosmia
Renal agenesis in
50%
delayed or absent puberty.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Kallmann syndrome tx

A

In male individuals: testosterone

In female individuals: estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Klinefelter syndrome Etiology

A

47 XXY karyotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

FSH and LH?

A

Androgen deficiency through insensitivity to FSH and LH despite
high FSH/LH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Klinefelter syndrome tx

A

Replace testosterone

19
Q

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency Children cxfx

A

present with short stature and

dwarfism.

20
Q

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency Adults

A

Central obesity
Increased LDL and cholesterol levels
Reduced lean muscle mass

21
Q

Panhypopituitarism One important Lab

A

Hyponatremia is common secondary to hypothyroidism and isolated glucocorticoid underproduction.
K is normal!

22
Q

Panhypopituitarism initial tests

A

TSH, T4, IGF, estrogen,

testosterone, LH, FSH, and prolactin.

23
Q

GH deficiency Dx

A

best initial
stimulatory test is injecting growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH). The
normal response to GHRH is a rise in GH level

24
Q

What confirmatory test to do after: Low thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low thyroxine levels

A

Decreased TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing

hormone (TRH)

25
Q

What confirmatory test to do after: Decreased
adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) and
decreased cortisol level

A

Normal response to cosyntropin stimulation test of the adrenal.
Cortisol will rise (adrenal is normal) in recent disease, but abnormal in chronic disease
because of adrenal atrophy.

26
Q

What confirmatory test to do after: Decreased LH and FSH
levels
Decreased testosterone
level

A

No confirmatory test

27
Q

When suspecting hypopituitarism
You receive this test

GH levels low, ( and we know this finding is not helpful
since GH is pulsatile and maximum at night.)

What confirmatory test would you do next to confirm your presumption?

A

GH stimulation test. Results:
No response to GH releasing hormone (GHRH)
No response to arginine infusion

28
Q

What confirmatory test to do after: Prolactin level low, but
not helpful

A

No response to TRH

29
Q

when performing cosyntropin stimulation test, An elevated baseline cortisol level means that:

A

it excludes pituitary insufficiency.

30
Q

Metyrapone test

an older and less useful test. How does it work?

A 
Metyraprone inhibits 11-beta hydroxylase.
this ↓output of the adrenal gland.
this normally cause ACTH
levels to ↑, as
 cortisol goes ↓
31
Q

Insulin stimulation:

A

The normal effect of insulin-inducing hypoglycemia is
a rise in GH level. GH increases glucose levels because it is a stress
hormone. “Insulin-induced hypoglycemia” as a test is always the wrong
answer.

32
Q

panhypopituitarism Tx

A 
Replace deficient hormones with:
Cortisone FIRST
Thyroxine AFTER cort
Testosterone and estrogen
Recombinant human growth hormone
33
Q

sheehan’s sx

A

also known as postpartum pituitary gland necrosis, is hypopituitarism caused by ischemic necrosis due to blood loss and hypovolemic shock during and after childbirth. Causes panhypopituitarism

34
Q

apoplexy

A

after a known or unknown pituitaty tumor, it starts to bleed, it is developed coma, nuchal rigidity, headache, visual defect. Causes panhypopituitarism

35
Q

chronic hypopituitarism etiologies

A

autoinmune
desposition (sarcoid or amyloid)
tumor

36
Q

chronic hypopituitarism cx fx

A

symptoms of fsh and gh insufficency

decreased libido
fatige
menstrual cycle

37
Q

chronic hypopituitarism dx

A

insulin stimulation test. vasopresin stimulation test. MRI

38
Q

high urinary Osmo and Na are important in

serum psmo and Na low

A

SIADH

39
Q

SIADH etiologies

A 
brain lesion 
lung lesion (small cell CA)
tho any granuloma, any pneumonia, can do it, often a malignancy

high adhn

40
Q

SIADH tx

A

water restriction.
Reverse underlying disease

if none works:Demeclocycline, induces Diabetes insupidus

NMT: si no te orina diles “DEMEclocycline”

41
Q

kinds of diabetes insipidus and patho

A

Central
Nephrogenic
patho: low adh

42
Q

diabetes insipidus dx

A

water deprivation test.
It rules out psycogenic polidypsia.
Measures de uri osmo during water depriv.
results: if just after deprivation osmo rises up:psycogenic pd. If it only goes up after ADH=diabetes insipidus central.
If even after giving ADH, osmos is same … so it is nephrogenic dbtinsp

43
Q

diabetes insipidus tx

A

central. DDAVP, “vasopresin! intranasal

nephrogenic: gentle diuresis: hydroclorotiazide + amilioride

Endocrino :D (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions