Pituitary Disorders

Question 1

the pituitary gland consists of 2 parts, the anterior and posterior. what are other names related to these parts?

Answer 1

anterior = adenohypophysis
posterior = neurohypophysis

Question 2

the anterior secretes which six hormones

Answer 2

TSH, ACTH, GH, prolaction, LH, FSH

Question 3

what 2 hormones are released by the posterior?

Answer 3

ADH and oxytocin – they are stored in the hypothalamus and then released by posterior pituitary

Question 4

______ and _________ activate release of substances by posterior pituitary gland when they are stimulated by nerve impulses from the hypothalamus

Answer 4

ACh and NE

Question 5

what is hyperpituitarism?

Answer 5

oversecretion of one or more of the hormones secreted y the pituitary

Question 6

what is oversecretion of GH?

Answer 6

acromegaly or gigantism

Question 7

what is oversecretion by the pituitary gland caused by?

Answer 7

hormone secreting pituitary tumor, Cushing’s Disease (over secretion of ACTH), amenorrhea and hyperthyroidism

Question 8

Tumors of the pituitary have 3 systemic effects:

Answer 8

1. excessive or abnormal growth patterns
2. hyperprolactinemia (amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia)
3. overstimulation of one or more of the target glands resulting in release of excessive ATCH, TSH, or FSH/LH

Question 9

s/s of low TSH = hypothyroid

Answer 9

weakness, muscle aches, stiffness

Question 10

s/s of high TSH = hyperthyroid

Answer 10

nervousness, fatigue, weakness, tachycardia, trmeor

Question 11

s/s of acromegaly/gigantism

Answer 11

enlargement of hands, feet, face, jaw
amenorrhea
parasthesia of hands
sweating, HA, impotence
DM, HTN
joint pain, muscle weakness, and reduce exercise tolerance

Question 12

what is the medical manage of hyperpituitarism - acromegaly?

Answer 12

resection of tumor, suppression of GH with somatostatin, and external radiation

Question 13

what are PT implications for acromegaly

Answer 13

progress cautiously; focus on: energy conservation, joint proteciton and fall preventio

Question 14

what are the s/s of hypopituitarism - GH

Answer 14

regression of sexual characteristics (decreased LH/FSH)

short stature/dwarfism

Question 15

what causes hypopituitarism - ACTH

Answer 15

adrenocortical insufficiency = diminished secretion of adrenocortical hormones by the adrenal cortex

Question 16

what are s/s of hypopituitarism -LH and FSH

Answer 16

decreased production of sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone)

Question 17

what is the name for hyperpituitarism - ACTH

Answer 17

Cushing’s Disease

Question 18

what are the s/s of cushing’s disease?

Answer 18

moon face, osteoporosis, buffalo hump, wasted limbs, abdominal obesity, cardiac hypertrophy and poor wound healing

Question 19

what are the s/s of hypopituitarism - ACTH

Answer 19

glucocorticoid defieciency = hypoglycemia, nausea, abdominal pain, and orthostatic hypotension

Question 20

what is the name for hyperpituitarism - ADH

Answer 20

SIADH = syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Question 21

s/s of SIADH

Answer 21

excessive water retention and water intoxication; hyponatremia (sodium depletion)

Question 22

what are s/s of hyponatremia?

Answer 22

HA, confusion, seziures, decreased consciousness, restlessness, muscle spasms, weakness, N/V

Question 23

what is the name for hypopituitarism - ADH

Answer 23

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 24

what are s/s of diabetes insipidus

Answer 24

polyuria, thirst, dehydration, weight loss, ataxiA = excessive fluid secretion