Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med Surg III Exam 1 > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

what is endocrine?

A

released into circulation and finds the cell that is specific to a ligand (target organ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the major endocrine glands?

A

hypothalamus, pituitary (anterior and posterior), thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, kidney, adrenal glands, and ovaries/testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 5 hormones the hypothalamus releases?

A 
TRH (thyrotropin - releasing horomone)
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
GHRH (growth hormone releasing hormone)
CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone)
Somatostatin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where does TRH target?

A

anterior lobe of pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the action of TRH

A

stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does GnRH target?

A

anterior lobe of pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the action of GnRH?

A

stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenizing hormone (LH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does GHRH target?

A

anterior lobe of pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the action of GHRH?

A

stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does CRH target?

A

anterior lobe of pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the action of CRH

A

stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does somatostatin target?

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the action of somatostatin?

A

inhibits the release of GH and TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where else is somatostatin found and what is the action from that endocrine gland?

A

found in the pancreas…. regulates insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the hypothalamus exerts ______________________________ over the anterior pituitary

A

hormonal control of the anterior pituitary through releasing and inhibiting hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 6 hormones released from anterior pituitary?

A

GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, and prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the target of GH

A

bones, muscles, and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the action of GH

A

stimulate body growth by: increasing protein synthesis and fat mobilization and decreasing carbohydrate utilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does GH stimulate and control the rate of skeletal and visceral growth

A

directly influencing protein, carbs, and lipid metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the target for TSH

A

thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the action of TSH

A

stimultes secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the target for ACTH?

A

adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the action of ACTH?

A

stimulates secretion of adrenal cortex hormones (mineralcorticoid, glucocorticoid, and sex hormones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the target of FSH

A

ovaries and testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the action of FSH
stimulates follicle to produce estrogen and promotes maturation of sperm
26
what is the target for LH
testes and ovaries
27
what is the action of LH
stimulates ovulation, stimulates testes to secrete testosterone
28
what is the target for prolactin
mammary glands
29
what is the action of prolactin
stimulates secretory activity (growth of breast tissue ans sustains milk production post partum)
30
_______________________ connect the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary
neural pathways.... hypothalamus has direct control over both the anterior and posterior portions of the pituitary
31
what are the 2 hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin
32
what is the target for ADH
distal tubules of kidney
33
what is the action of ADH
re-absorption of water (controls concentration of body fluids by alteration of the permeability of the kidney's distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts to conserve water
34
what are stimulators for ADH
circulatory shock, severe hemorrhage, pain, emotional stress, trauma, morphine, tranquilizers, anesthetics, and positive-pressure breathing
35
what is the target for oxytocin
uterus and mammary glands
36
what is the action of oxytocin
stimulates birth contractions and milk production
37
what are the 3 hormones released by the thyroid and parathyroid glands?
T4/T3, thyrocalcitonin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH)
38
what is the target for T4/T3
widespread
39
what ist he action for T4/T3
regulate metabolism; (the rate at which we convert food and oxygen into energy) and to increased metabolic activity and protein synthesis
40
what is the target for thyrocalcitonin
skeleton
41
what is the action of thyrocalcitonin
regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism
42
what is the target for PTH
bone, kidney, intestinal tract
43
what is the action for PTH
regulate calcium and phosphorus metabolism and calcification of bone - senses calcium levels in the bloodstream... low concentration = release of PTH
44
when PTH is released, what happens?
efflux of calcium and phosphate from bone, decreased loss of calcium and excretion of phosphate in urine, and enhanced absorption of calcium/phosphate from intestine
45
what are the 3 hormones released by the pancreas?
insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin
46
what is the target for insulin
widespread (beta cells)
47
what is the action of insulin
increase utilization rate of cards, decrease lipolysis, and decrease blood glucose -- facilitates glucose transport, promotes glucose storage, stimulates protein synthesis, and enhances free fatty acid uptake and storage
48
what is the target for glucagon?
widespread (from alpha cells)
49
what is the action of glucagon?
hyperglycemic factor -- increase blood glucose via glycogenolysis..... hormone of the fasting state - releases stored glucose to raise the blood glucose level
50
what is the target for somatostatin from the pancreas?
widespread (delta cells)
51
what is the action of somatostatin from the pancreas?
regulate the release of insulin and glucagon
52
what are the 5 hormones that are released from the adrenal gland?
epinephrine, norepinephrine, aldosterone, glucocorticoids, and sex hormones
53
what are the 2 released from the medulla of the adrenal gland?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
54
what is the target for epinephrine
widespread
55
what is the action of epinhephrine
increase rate and force of muscular contraction of heart, increase CO, constricts peripheral blood vessels, elevated BP, and elevates blood glucose
56
what is the target for norepinephrine
widespread
57
what is the action of norepinephrine
vasoconstrictio
58
what is the target of aldosterone (mineralocorticoid)
primarily kidney
59
what is the action of aldosterone
influences retention of fluid and electrolytes (K); regulates reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium by kidneys and is involved in the regulation of BP
60
what is the target from glucocorticoids?
widespread
61
what is the action of glucocorticoids?
promotes gluconeogensis, suppresses inflammation, regulates metabolism of proteins, carbs, and lipids to cause an elevation in blood glucose level
62
what is glucocorticoids referred to?
anti-insulin diabetogenic hormones
63
what is the target of sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone)
gonads
64
what is the action of sex hormones
influence secondary sex characteristics
65
what are the 3 hormones released by the ovaries/testes?
estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
66
what is the target for estrogen and progesterone?
uterus, breast
67
what is the action of estrogen and progesterone?
secondary sex characteristics; maturation and sexual function; pregnancy
68
what is the target of testosterone?
widespread
69
what is the action of testosterone?
secondary sex characteristics; maturation and normal sexual function

Med Surg III Exam 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions