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202 > Pituitary And Adrenal Gland Problems > Flashcards

Pituitary And Adrenal Gland Problems Flashcards

0
Q

What does ACTH stand for

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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1
Q

What are four hormones/steroids made by the adrenal gland?

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Aldosterone
Cortisol

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2
Q

What is sheehans syndrome?

A

Sheehans syndrome is hypopituitarism caused by excessive bleeding during child birth

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3
Q

What is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism?

A

Pituitary adenomas

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4
Q

Which gland secrets ADH?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

Three hormones secreted by anterior pituitary gland

A

ACTH
GH
PRL

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6
Q

What is the most common type of pituitary adenoma?

A

PRL secreting tumors

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7
Q

Deficiency of one or more anterior pituitary hormones results in what two things

A

Metabolic problems

Sexual dysfunction

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8
Q

What does panhypopituitarism mean?

A

Decreased production of all anterior pituitary hormones

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9
Q

What are the two life threatening hormone deficiencies?

A

ACTH

TSH

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10
Q

What three things does a deficiency in gonadotropins cause?

A

Infertility
Galactorrhea
Amenorrhea

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11
Q

Growth hormone stimulates the liver to produce what substance that aids in growth activity?

A

Somatomedins

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12
Q

Benign and malignant tumors, anorexia, shock, severe hypotension, head trauma, brain tumors or infection, and sheehans syndrome all cause what

A

Hypopituitarism

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13
Q

GH blocks action of what hormone

A

Insulin

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14
Q

Parlodel, Dostinex, Permax, Sandosatin, Somavert are drugs that can be given to

A

Stimulate dopamine receptors and inhibit GH and PRL

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15
Q

What are two ways (other than surgery and pills) that can treat gigantism?

A

Radiation

Gamma knife procedure

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16
Q

Diabetes insipidus is classified in what four categories?

A

Nephrogenic
Primary
Secondary
Drug related

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17
Q

A water metabolism problem is caused by a deficiency in what hormone? And for what two reasons

A

ADH, decrease in synthesis or inability of kidneys to respond appropriately

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18
Q

Most manifestations of diabetes insipidus are related to

A

Dehydration

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19
Q

Oral chlorpropamide and desmopressin therapy treat

A

Diabetes insipidus

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20
Q

SIADH can result in what? Who do you see this problem in?

A

Hyponatremia. People with pituitary problems and in heart failure

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21
Q

Recent head trauma, cerebrovascular disease, tb or other pulmonary diseases, cancer, all past and current drug use, and heart failure are causes of

A

SIADH

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22
Q

What are three therapies used for SIADH

A

Diuretics
Hypertonic solution
Demeclocycline

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23
Q

Cortisol is excreted by the adrenal glands in response to

A

ACTH

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24
Q

ACTH and cortisol is essential to living because it regulates what three things?

A

Blood pressure
Blood sugar
Fluid volume status

25
Q

Inadequate cortisol may decrease because of inadequate excretion of ACTH and what other two things

A

Dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary control mechanism

Direct dysfunction of adrenal tissue

26
Q

ADH is regulated by

A

Serum osmolality

27
Q

Vitiligo is seen in

A

Primary hypo-adrenal gland

28
Q

Anterior, posterior, and lateral skull x rays may be used to view the

A

Sella turcica

29
Q

MRIs w contrast are the most sensitive method of imaging this gland, can also use computed tomography

A

Pituitary

30
Q

The thyroid, parathyroid, ovaries, and testes are evaluated using

A

Ultrasound

31
Q

Pancreas, ovaries, and adrenal glands can be evaluated by

A

CT scans

32
Q

These problems can change the patients behaviors, personality, perception of self, and psychological responses

A

Endocrine problems

33
Q

If there is a disorder of the anterior pituitary gland because of problems in the hypothalamus, it’s referred to as

A

Secondary pituitary dysfunction

34
Q

A lower amount of hormone replacement therapy is used in the

A

Elderly

35
Q

If this grows inside the brain causing compression on the tissue it can manifest visual changes, headache, and increased intracranial pressure

A

Adenoma

36
Q

Suppression tests help diagnose

A

Hyperactivity

37
Q

What is the most common treatment of hyperpituitarism

A

Hypophysectomy

38
Q

ADH deficiency results in what type of urine

A

Dilute

39
Q

A 24 hour fluid intake and output and analyzing specific gravity and osmolarity can diagnose an

A

ADH deficiency

40
Q

Vasopressin is secreted even when plasma osmolarity is low or normal

A

SIADH

41
Q

Interventions include restricted fluid intake, promoting excretion of water, replacing lost sodium, and interfering w the action of ADH

A

SIADH

42
Q

Inadequate secretion of ACTH, dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary control mechanism, or dysfunction of the adrenal gland can cause

A

Decrease in adrenocortical steroids

43
Q

Acute adrenal insufficiency or Addisonian crisis is a life threatening event in which the need for

A

Cortisol is greater than the available supply

44
Q

Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss are manifestations of

A

Acute adrenal insufficiency

45
Q

Lab findings are low serum cortisol, low fasting blood glucose, low sodium, elevated potassium, increased serum blood urea nitrogen levels

A

Acute adrenal insufficiency/Addison’s disease

46
Q

Nursing interventions for adrenal deficiency include (3)

A

Promote fluid balance
Monitor for fluid deficit
Prevent hypoglycemia

47
Q

Hypercortisolism, Cushing’s disease, hyperaldosteronism, and excessive androgen production are all names for

A

Hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex

48
Q

The most common cause of Cushing’s disease is

A

Pituitary adenoma

49
Q

Physical changes include fat pads on the neck, back, and shoulders; enlarged trunk with think arms and legs and a round face

A

Cushing’s disease

50
Q

Lab tests for cortisol can be checked in the

A

Blood, urine, and saliva

51
Q

A major objective for the patient with hypercortisolism is protection from

A

Infection

52
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism is also called

A

Conns syndrome

53
Q

Conns syndrome (hyperaldosteronism) usually is caused by

A

Adrenal adenoma

54
Q

Secondary hyperaldosteronism is caused by

A

High levels of angiotensin II

55
Q

What are the two biggest problems associated w hyperaldosteronism

A

Hypokalemia and elevated blood pressure

56
Q

Surgery of the adrenal gland cannot be done until what levels are normal?

A

Potassium

57
Q

Catecholamine producing tumor that arises in the adrenal medulla and produces, stores, and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Pheochromocytoma

58
Q

Manifestations include intermittent episodes of hypertension, headaches that last for a few minutes to several hours, palpitations, produce diaphoresis, flushing, apprehension, chest pain, vomiting, or a sense of impending doom

A

Pheochromocytoma

59
Q

What do you not do in a patient with Pheochromocytoma

A

Palpate the abdomen

60
Q

The most common diagnostic test for a Pheochromocytoma is a

A

24 hour urine collection

202 (6 decks)

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