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202 > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

0
Q

Keeping this balance is vital for muscle and cardiac contraction, nerve impulse transmission and acid base balance

A

Sodium

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1
Q

Is sodium the dominant cation in the extra cellular fluid or intracellular?

A

Extra cellular fluid

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2
Q

This condition manifests headache, confusion, seizures, decreased consciousness (May lead to coma or death) restlessness, weakness

A

Hyponatremia

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3
Q

What are four treatments for Hyponatremia

A

Lifestyle adjustment
Nutrition adjustment
Medication adjustment
Hypertonic IV solution

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4
Q

This conditions manifests excitable membrane activity (cerebral, muscular, and cardiac function)

A

Hypernatremia

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5
Q

What are three treatments for hypernatremia

A

Nutrition adjustment
Hypotonic IV solutions
Diuretics

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6
Q

What is the normal range for potassium?

A

3.5-5.5 mEq

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7
Q

Functions of this major intracellular cation include: the ability of nerve and muscle cells to depolarize/repolarize, cardiac impulse conduction and muscle contractility, electrical impulses in nerve, skeletal, and intestinal tissue, regulation of acid base balance, influences kidney function and intestinal absorption

A

Potassium

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8
Q

What are four drugs that can increase chances of hypokalemia

A

Corticosteroids
Digoxin
Ace inhibitors
Laxative

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9
Q

This condition may manifest a weak pulse, irregular heartbeat, flat or inverted t waves, increase digoxin toxicity levels, muscle weakness, muscle cramps, abdominal pain, vomiting, nausea, anorexia, and reduced intestinal peristalsis

A

Hypokalemia

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10
Q

What are two recommended administration routes of potassium

A

Oral or intravenously

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11
Q

What are three treatments for hypokalemia

A

Correct the cause
Salt substitutes containing potassium
Potassium enriched foods

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12
Q

Chronic kidney failure, cell trauma (burn victims, crush injuries, myocardial infarction), and potassium sparing diuretics all increase the chance of developing

A

Hyperkalemia

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13
Q

This condition may manifest numbness, tingling, weakness, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, flaccid paralysis, respiratory difficulties and apathy

A

Hyperkalemia

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14
Q

Cardiac changes of this condition will include distinctive and tall t waves, prolonged pr interval, qrs widens, v fib and asystole

A

Hyperkalemia

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15
Q

Treatments include calcium gluconate, regular insulin, 50% dextrose (all 3 given together) hemodialysis, kayexalate, sodium bicarbonate

A

Hyperkalemia

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16
Q

Increased calcium causes phosphorous to what

A

Decrease

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17
Q

What is a normal value for calcium

A

8.5-10 mEq

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18
Q

Calcium is absorbed where

A

In the GI Tract under influence of vitamin d

19
Q

Functions of this electrolyte include muscle contractile ability, correct neural function, development and strength of bones and teeth, blood clotting, transmission of nerve impulses, muscle contractions and relaxation, parathyroid hormones important part of this

A

Calcium

20
Q

How long before a meal should the nurse give a pt calcium to promote absorption?

A

Thirty minutes

21
Q

Starvation, hypoparathyroidism, renal failure, sepsis, Hypomagnesemia, and impaired intestinal absorption all increase the chances of developing

A

Hypocalcemia

22
Q

Manifestations of this condition include muscle spasms, twitching, cramping, tetany, positive chvosteks sign, positive trousseaus sign, seizures, bradycardia, decreased cardiac contractility, altered blood clotting, bleeding

A

Hypocalcemia

23
Q

What are the two preferred methods of administrating calcium

A

Oral or intravenously

24
Q

What three things should the nurse be cautious of using in a patient with hypocalcemia

A

Laxatives
Antacids
Phosphate enemas

25
Q

What three things should the nurse monitor in a patient with hypocalcemia

A

Calcium levels
Albumin
Clotting factors

26
Q

What is a electrolyte condition commonly seen in patients with multiple myeloma

A

Hypercalcemia

27
Q

This condition manifests confusion, personality changes, depression, pathologic fractures, heart block, constipation, renal calculi with flank pain, make sure to watch for development of DVTs

A

Hypercalcemia

28
Q

A nurse should encourage a patient with this electrolyte imbalance to take part in physical activity, take loop diuretics, increase fluid intake, monitor cardiac function, take calcium binders, treat malignancies and possibly hemodialysis

A

Hypercalcemia

29
Q

What is a normal value for phosphorous?

A

3.0-4.5

30
Q

This is a major anion in the ICF, 80% is in bones, vitamin d is needed to absorb this, assists ATP, kidneys essential part in excretion

A

Phosphorous

31
Q

Overuse of what two drugs can cause hypophasphatemia? Chronic alcoholism and rickets can also cause this

A

Maalox and amphogel

32
Q

Manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance are weakness is generalized and may be profound, shortness of breath, respiratory depression and decreased muscle tone may lead to respiratory arrest, unusual lumps because of fractures or changes in bone shape, slow and difficult pulses, metabolic issues

A

Hypophasphatemia

33
Q

What are 6 treatments for hypophosphatemia

A 
phosphate supplements 
Iv phosphate
Monitor calcium levels
Nutrition intake 
Vitamin d supplements 
Calcitrol
34
Q

Renal failure patients, hypocalcemia, excessive intake of alkali, lymphomas, use of laxatives or enemas containing large amounts of phosphate all contribute to developing

A

Hyperphosphatemia

35
Q

Manifestations of this condition directly related to symptoms of hypocalcemia cardiac dysrhythmias, muscle twitching, tetany, soft tissue calcification, increased membrane excitability

A

Hyperphosphatemia

36
Q

Treatment for this antacids, aluminum hydroxide, monitor calcium levels, observe for tetany and cardiac dysrhythmias, calcimimeic

A

Hyperphosphatemia

37
Q

What is the normal range for the cation magnesium?

A

1.5-2.5

38
Q

Magnesium is responsible for what three things

A

Skeletal muscle contraction
Carbohydrate metabolism
ATP

39
Q

Magnesium has a potent

A

Vasodilation effect

40
Q

Depresses acetylcholine release at synapse, affects cardiovascular and nervous system, aids absorption of calcium from intestine, aids in cellular membrane traffic (k and na), cell metabolism, vasodilation, membrane stabilizer

A

Magnesium

41
Q 
Chronic alcoholism 
Starvation 
renal disease 
Chrohns disease 
Acute or chronic pancreatitis 
Cardiac bypass all cause
A

Hypomagnesemia

42
Q

Manifestations of this electrolyte imbalance are hyper irritability, seizures, tetany, foot and leg cramps, tremors, ataxia, numbness, tingling of legs and feet, dizziness, arrhythmia’s, flaccid, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes low serum calcium and potassium

A

Hypomagnesemia

43
Q

What are four treatments for Hypomagnesemia

A

IV magnesium
IV calcium
Reduce stimulation
Monitor cardiac function

44
Q

Chronic renal failure and hyperparathyroidism increase chances of developing

A

Hypermagnesemia

45
Q

Manifestations of this condition include bradycardia, weak pulse, cardiac arrest, tremors, hyporeflexia (deep tendon reflexes absent), respiratory muscle paralysis, severe hypotension

A

Hypermagnesemia

46
Q

What are six treatments for Hypermagnesemia

A 
Dialysis 
Cessation of antacids/laxatives
Calcium gluconate 
Increase fluid intake 
Monitor cardiac/respiratory function
Give loop diuretics

202 (6 decks)

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