Pituitary Flashcards
Hypersecretion of anterior pituitary hormones is nearly always the result of what?
Pituitary Adenoma
What is the most common Secretory Tumors of the Pituitary?
Prolactinomas
Hypothalamic Disorders and interruption of the pituitary stalk produce what distinct pattern?
-What is this pattern called?
Suprression of ALL Anterior Pituitary Hormone EXCEPT Prolactin
-“Stalk Effect” (prolactin sparing hypopituitarism)
Hyposecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) in children causes what?
Dwarfism
Hyposecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) in adults causes what?
NO symptoms
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) in children causes what?
Gigantism
Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) in adults causes what?
Acromegaly
What is consistently elevated in GH hypersecretion?
IGF-1
*normal IGF-1 Excludes GH excess
What tests/findings are used to diagnose GH hypersecretion? (2)
Random Blood Sample
-Markedly High GH
Glucose Administration:
-Normal level that fails to suppress w/ Glucose
What does persistently elevated Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) suggest?
Ovarian Failure
Prolactin release:
- Stimulator
- Inhibitor
Stimulator:
-None
Inhibitor:
-Dopamine (Hypothalamus
Hyperprolactinemia:
-Findings in Women
Amenorrhea Galactorrhea syndrome
Hyperprolactinemia:
-Findings in Men (3)
- Testicular Atrophy
- Impotence
- Gynecomastia
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) results from what?
Inadequate Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) activity
Diabetes Insipidus (DI): -Classic Symptoms/Findings (4)
- Polyuria
- Polydypsia
- Low Urine Osmolarity
- Hypernatremia
Central DI is due to what?
-Causes (3)
Inadequate ADH Secretion
- Head Trauma
- Mass Lesions involving Pituitary
- X-linked recessive familial form
Nephrogenic DI is due to what?
-Causes (5)
Renal Tubules Unresponsive to ADH
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypokalemia
- Low protein diet
- Democlocycline
- Lithium
How do you confirm the diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
Overnight water deprivation test followed by administration with ADH (Vasopressin)
Overnight water deprivation test followed by administration with ADH (Vasopressin).
-Healthy individuals
Water Deprivation:
-Urine osmolarity progressively increases
ADH administration:
-No additional effect on urine concentration
Overnight water deprivation test followed by administration with ADH (Vasopressin).
-Central DI
Water Deprivation:
-Failure to concentrate urine
ADH administration:
-Increase in urine osmolarity
Overnight water deprivation test followed by administration with ADH (Vasopressin).
-Nephrogenic DI
Water Deprivation:
-Failure to concentrate urine
ADH administration:
-Failure to concentrate urine
What are the findings in Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH)? (4)
- Hyponatremia
- Normovolemia
- Urine Sodium >20 mmol/L
- Urine Osmolarity >100 mOsm/kg
SIADH is most commonly caused by what? (3)
- Small Cell Carcinoma of Lung
- Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
- Intracranial Tumors
