Carbohydrates Flashcards
-Methods -Hypoglycemia -Diabetes -DKA
Although C peptide and Insulin are produced in equimolar quantities, the ratio of C peptide:Insulin is ____.
5-15:1 (when both insulin and C-peptide are expressed in SI units [pmol/L])
What is the major clinical use of C-peptide?
Detection of exogenous insulin administration
When blood is left in an unseprated tuest tube, glycolysis will REDUCE the glucose by ___mg/dL/hr depending on the temperature and WBC count.
5-10 mg/dL/hr
What can be added to an unseperated test tube that will arrest glycolysis for 24 hours?
Sodium fluoride (NaF)
*The initial arrest of glycolysis takes 1-2 hours to take effect, so an initial decrement of 5-10 mg/dL can be expected
Uncalibrated whole blood glucose usually runs ____% lower than plasma glucose.
10-15%
How is glycosylated hemoglobin formed?
When hemoglobin undergoes nonenzymatic reaction with glucose.
What is a normal HgbA1c?
-What is it an indicator of?
<6%
-glucose concentrations over the preceeding 3 months
What is the equation for average blood glucose (AG) using he HgbA1c?
AG=(28.7xHbA1c)-46.7
Insulinomas are neoplasms of what?
Beta-islet cells
What is the clinical triad of Insulinomas?
Whipple triad:
- Hypoglycemic symptoms
- Plasma glucose <45 mg/dL
- Relief of sxs with Glucose
Type I Diabetes:
- Pathophysiology
- % of diabetics
Autoimmune islet Beta-cell destruction, causing a deficiency of insulin
-5-10% of diabetics (typically presents in childhood)
Type I Diabetes:
-Autoantibodies
- Islet cell Abs (ICA)
- Insulin autoantibodies (IAA)
- Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Abs (GAD)
- IA2/ICA512 (Insulinoma Associated Protein)
Type I Diabetes:
-HLA association
HLA-DR/HLA-DQ loci
-particular alleles having either predisposing or protective effects
What are the 4 routes to diagnosis of DM?
- Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)
- 75g oral glucose tolerance (OGTT)
- Hemoglobin A1c
- Random plasma glucose (pts w/ classic sxs)
What is the recommended test for diagnosis of DM?
Fasting plasma glucose
