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Boards.CP.Chemistry > General-1 > Flashcards

General-1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of Cystatin C?

A

Measure GFR

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2
Q

SPEP with decreased Albumin spike and increased Alpha-2 Macroglobulins. What condition is associated with this finding?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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3
Q

Patient with low serum cholinesterase level, what is the next step?

A

Test if the cholinesterase can be inhibited by dibucaine.
-Patients w/ hereditary hyporcholinesterasemia (homozygotes) have low levels of cholinesterase that is not inhibited by dibucaine, whereas normal cholinesterase is inhibited

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4
Q

Alcoholics have what lab findings? (6)

A
  • Hypophosphatemia
  • Hypomagnesemia
  • AST>ALT
  • Increased GGT
  • Elevated bilirubin
  • Increased MCV
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5
Q

What vitamin toxicity can cause Pseudotumor Cerebri?

A

Vit. A

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6
Q

What is the best test to evaluate FUNCTIONAL liver status?

A

PT/INR

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7
Q

Patient with positive ANA, what drug are they likely receiving?

A
  • Procainamide
  • Hydralazine

*Procainamide carries a 15% to 20% risk and Hydralazine carries a 7% to 13% risk

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8
Q

What lipid tests require the patient to be fasting?

A
  • Triglycerides
  • calculated LDL

*Friedwald Calculation

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9
Q

Where is DHEA-S produced?

A

Adrenals

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10
Q

What instrumentation measures the amount of light deflected at an angle?

A

Nephelometry
-Measures amount of light that is deflected at NON-90 degree angle by particles in solution

*Flourometry uses 90 degree to capture only emitted light and not transmitted light

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11
Q

What percentage of plasma volume is water?

A

93%

*Depends on hydration level

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12
Q

T/F: Fructosuria is a benign condition.

A

True

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13
Q

Patient with WBC = 230,000 with elevated serial potassium levels. What is the cause?

A

Spurious increase in Potassium related to blast crisis

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14
Q

An elevated BUN to Creatinine ratio is seen in what conditions?

A

Volume depletion/Decreased renal blood flow
-CHF, Shock, Urinary obstruction, etc

  • Urea clearance decreases more than creatinine clearance
  • Normal Urea Nitrogen:Plasma Creatine 10:1
  • Volume depletion >20:1
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15
Q

Patient has creatinine measured via 2 methods. One methods gives a normal result, whereas the sample with alkaline picrate (Jaffe reaction) resulted in Elevated Creatinine. What is the reason?

A

Patient has elevated Acetoacetate

-Ketone bodies cause positive interference in Jaffe reaction

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16
Q

Patient has Increased Osmolar Gap but Normal Anion Gap. What was ingested?

A

Isopropanol

17
Q

Calculation for Osmolar Gap.

A
  1. CO = 2 x NA + 1.15 * GLU/18 + BUN/2.8

2. OG = MO - CO

18
Q

Calculation for Anion Gap.

A

AG = NA - CL - HCO3

19
Q

Patient with increased osmolar gap and increased anion gap. Testing for methanol was negative. What did they ingest?

A

Ethylene glycol

20
Q

Calculate LDL cholesterol:

  • Total cholesterol = 260
  • HDL = 40
  • Triglycerides = 200
A

Friedwald Equation:
LDL = Total - HDL - (triglycerides*/5)
LDL = 260 - 40 - (40)
LDL = 180

*Not valid if triglycerides >400

21
Q

Test tube with creamy layer on top and opaque plasma below.

A

Increase in Exogenous and Endogenous lipids

  • Exogenous (chylomicrons-creamy layer)
  • Endogenous (VLDL-opaque layer)

*Increased cholesterol does NOT make plasma cloudy

22
Q

What is the initial screen for someone suspected of having Acromegaly?

A

Serum IGF-1

23
Q

What inhibits prolactin secretion?

A

Dopamine

24
Q

Methylmalonic acid is elevated in what?

A

Vit. B12 deficiency

25
Q

AST vs. ALT:

-Which is found in mitochondria?

A

AST

26
Q

Diagnosis: Elevated Alk Phos, slightly elevated Bilirubin and recent onset painless jaundice.

A

Pancreatic Cancer

27
Q

What is CA 19-9 a marker for?

A

Pancreatic cancer

28
Q

Maternal Quad screen - Down Syndrome findings

A
  • hCG (Elevated)
  • Inhibit (Elevated)
  • AFP (Decreased)
  • Estriol (Decreased)
29
Q

What is the active metabolite of Cocaine?

A

Benzoyl Ecgonine

Boards.CP.Chemistry (17 decks)

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