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metabolic seminars > pituitary > Flashcards

pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

stalk of the pituitary

A

infundibulum

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2
Q

structure of the pituitary

A

two lobes

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3
Q

anterior lobe is

A

vascular

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4
Q

posterior lobe is

A

neural

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5
Q

anterior pituitary produces

A 
TSH
HGH
ACTH
Prolactin
LH and FSH
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6
Q

posterior pituitary produces

A

Oxytocin

ADH

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7
Q

hormones released by the pituitary are controlled by

A

hypothalamus

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8
Q

GnRH

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

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9
Q

what does GnRH cause the release of

A

LH and FSH

GH

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10
Q

what is GH produced by

A

somatotrophs

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11
Q

whats does GH act on

A

liver insulin like growth factor

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12
Q

what does TRH cause the release of

A

TSH

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13
Q

CRH causes the release of

A

ACTH

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14
Q

what is somatostatin

A

growth hormone inhibiting hormone

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15
Q

what is prolactin under constant inhibition by

A

dopamine

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16
Q

what causes the release of ADH

A

angiotensin 2 and aldosterone

17
Q

when is oxytocin stimulated

A

during delivery and sex

18
Q

what happens to hormones in menopause

A

oestrogen decreases

19
Q

as a result of oestrogen decrease what other hormones change

A

LH and FSH increase

20
Q

what is used to test the adrenal gland and how

A

synacthen test using synthetic ACTH

21
Q

name some dopamine agonists

A

Cabergoline, Bromocriptine

22
Q

hypopituitary symptoms

A

Tiredness, Weight loss, Decreased libido
Increased sensitivity to cold
Loss of appetite
Infertility, Irregular periods
Loss of body or facial hair, Short stature

23
Q

megalomaniac presentation

A

bi-temporal hemianopia, sleep apnoea, poor dentition
poorly controlled T2DM, insulin resistance
HTN, cardiomyopathy, heart failure

24
Q

how is acromegaly identified

A

Screening tests – IGF-1, Random GH
Confirmatory test - Glucose tolerance test
Imaging MRI pituitary

25
Q

describe the secretion of GH

A

pulsatile

26
Q

what is GH secretion influenced by

A

fasting, exercise, stress and sleep

27
Q

what decreases IGF1

A

Starvation, obesity and diabetes mellitus

28
Q

what increases IGF1

A

pregnancy

29
Q

cushings is caused by

A

prolonged exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids

30
Q

most common cause of cushings

A

exogenous steroids

31
Q

role of glucocorticoids

A 
Increase glucose production 
Inhibit protein synthesis 
Increase protein breakdown 
Stimulate lipolysis
Immunologic and inflammatory responses
32
Q

signs of cushings

A 
Spontaneous ecchymoses  
Purple striae  
Proximal myopathy  
Osteoporosis  
Hypokalemia

metabolic seminars (10 decks)

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