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Modern British History A-Level > Pitt the Younger and his Opponents > Flashcards

Pitt the Younger and his Opponents Flashcards

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1
Q

When did George I rule?

A

1714-1727

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2
Q

When did George II rule?

A

1727-1760

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3
Q

What were the dates of the 7 year wars ?

A

1756-1763

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4
Q

How old was George III when he came to the throne ?

A

22

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5
Q

When was Lord North PM ?

A

1770-1782

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6
Q

What were the dates of the American War of Independence?

A

1776-1783

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7
Q

What did George III say when he summoned Cabinet in Summer of 1779?

A

If others will not be active, I must drive

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8
Q

What happened after George III summoned cabinet in 1779 ?

A

American war became George’s war - issue around which opponents could gather

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9
Q

Who were the two main branches of opposition to North?

A

Rockinghamites and Chatamites

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10
Q

What was the succession PMs after North’s gov fell in March 1782 ?

A
  1. Rockingham
  2. Shelburne
  3. Fox-North coalition
  4. Pitt
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11
Q

When was Shelburne PM for?

A

July 1782 - February 1783

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12
Q

What were the dates of the Fox-North coalition ?

A

April-December 1783

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13
Q

What did Shelburne say about America ?

A

He ‘would never acknowledge in the independence of America’

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14
Q

Was Shelburne a Rockinghamite or Chatamite?

A

Chatamite

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15
Q

Why did Rockingham stop being PM?

A

He died on 1 July 1782

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16
Q

Who nominally headed the Fox-North coalition?

A

The Duke of Portland

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17
Q

What happened between Shelburne and the Fox-North Coalition?

A

There was a 2 month period of no gov

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18
Q

What did George III do to damage the Fox-North coalition?

A

Removed all patronage

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19
Q

What was the decisive failure of the Fox-North coalition?

A

The India bill

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20
Q

What did the India bill want to do?

A

Remove all military and political control from the East India Company and put it in the hands of parliament

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21
Q

What did Pitt say about the East India Bill?

A

‘Most unconstitutional measure ever attempted’

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22
Q

What did the King say about the East India Bill?

A

Whoever voted for the bill ‘would be considered by him as an enemy’

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23
Q

When did the Lords throw out the East India Bill?

A

17th December 1783 by 19 votes

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24
Q

When did Pitt become PM?

A

18th December 1783 (day after East India Bill was rejected)

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25
Q

What did Mrs Crew say about Pitts government?

A

A ‘Depend upon it, it will be a mince pie administration’

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26
Q

What was Fox’s majority down to by 8 March 1784?

A

1

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27
Q

When did George III dissolve parliament?

A

25 March 1784

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28
Q

How many net gains did Pitt have in the 1784 election?

A

70

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29
Q

By how much did Government expenditure exceed income in 1783?

A

£10.8m

30
Q

How much of treasury money did George III spend in the 1784 election supporting pro-Pitt candidates?

A

£30,000

31
Q

Example of ennoblement helping Pitt

A
  1. Gave younger son of the Duke of Northumberland a peerage

2. MPs who sat in the House of Commons under the Duke’s patronage switches allegiance from Fox to Pitt

32
Q

When was the regency crisis?

A

1788-89

33
Q

Why did Pitt resign in 1801?

A

King would not permit him to introduce Roman Catholic Emancipation as part of the package associated with the union of Ireland and Great Britain

34
Q

When did Pitt introduce the Commutation Act?

A

1784

35
Q

What did the Commutation act do?

A

Reduced tax on tea from 119% to 25%

36
Q

When did Pitt introduce the Hovering Act?

A

1784

37
Q

What did the Hovering Act do?

A

Increased the authority of customs officers to search ships, making smuggling more risky

38
Q

How much did Pitt increase revenue per annum by by 1792 due to a reduction in smuggling?

A

£1m

39
Q

In the 1770s how much of gov expenditure was used paying interest charges on the national debt?

A

25%

40
Q

When did Pitt introduce the sinking fund?

A

1786

41
Q

How much did the Sinking Fund reduce debt by?

A

£10m by the end of 1793

42
Q

What did Evans call Pitt’s reforms to tax system?

A

‘Little more than a shuffling of the Hanoverian Pact’

43
Q

What was the value of debt in 1783?

A

£243m

44
Q

What was North widely caricatured as ?

A

The ‘father of corruption’

45
Q

Why did Boyd Hilton say Fox was not a good candidate to advertise reform?

A

Reform implied moral reformation and fox’s personality was ‘unsuited to a crusade for virtue’

46
Q

By how much did the value of British exports increase between mid-1780s and mid-1790s?

A

90%

47
Q

Why did American Independence not damage British trade?

A

American need for manufactured textile goods mitigated the adverse commercial effects of independence

48
Q

Example of when Pitt was defeated in Parliament to little consequence

A

In 1785 lost bill which proposed the redistribution of seats in some rotten boroughs to the counties and to London by 74 votes

49
Q

When was the League of Armed Neutrality formed?

A

1780

50
Q

Who was in the League of Armed Neutrality?

A

Russia, Denmark and Sweden

51
Q

Why was the League of Armed Neutrality formed?

A

Against Britain due to ship searches

52
Q

When did the Ottoman Empire, Naples, Netherlands, Austria and Prussia unite?

A

1782

53
Q

When was the Triple Alliance formes?

A

1788

54
Q

Who was in the Triple Alliance?

A

Britain, Holland and Prussia

55
Q

What happened at Nootka Sound?

A

Spain occupied Nootka Sound in July 1789 but when British navy mobilised Spain withdrew
Showed that France not prepared to support Spain

56
Q

When did Britain make a trade treaty with the United Provinces?

A

1785

57
Q

When was the Eden treaty signed ?

A

1786

58
Q

What was the Eden Treaty?

A

Liberal trade agreement between Britain and France

59
Q

How much did the yield to government on spirits increase by by 1790 due to decrease in duty?

A

63%

60
Q

How did Pitt reform tax?

A

Taxes luxury goods such as windows, wig powder and carriages

61
Q

When did Pitt pass the shop tax?

A

1785

62
Q

What did the shop tax lead to?

A

Riots in London

63
Q

When was the shop tax withdrawn?

A

1789

64
Q

How many sinecures did the public accounts commissioners urge Pitt to abolish?

A

180

65
Q

How many sinecure positions had Pitt allowed to fall vacant by

a) 1792
b) his death in 1806

A

a) 28

b) most had been wiped out

66
Q

By how much did Pitt increase the navy by 1790?

A

43 new ships built and 85 repaired

67
Q

Why we’re British ties with the United Provinces so important?

A
  1. Trade routes along the Scheldt River

2. Positioning opposite coast to Britain

68
Q

Who was the king of UP?

A

William V

69
Q

What happened when the ‘Patriot’ party threatened William V?

A

Britain threatened troops BUT it was Prussia that actually invaded to restore Williams authority

70
Q

What did Hague say that Pitt did?

A

‘Helped restore faith in the British state after a period in which it had been discredited among its own people’

Modern British History A-Level (6 decks)

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