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Process Dynamics & Control > PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM > Flashcards

PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM Flashcards

1
Q

Add marks to the P&ID =
Deleting marks from the P&ID =
To add in drafting instructions =
Back check marks =

A

red
green
blue
light yellow highlighted

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2
Q

Are used to describe connectivity between
different units in a controlled system.

A

Line symbols

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3
Q

Pipe that carries chemical

A

Main process

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4
Q

Main process with insulation

A

Insulated

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5
Q

Pipe is wrapped by cloth or fiberglass wrap. Use as an alternative in painting to improve appearance of the pipe.

A

Lagged

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6
Q

Pipe has jacket

A

Jacketed

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7
Q

Process that supports the main process. It may include systems for cooling, heating, ventilation, or other ancillary functions

A

Minor process/utility

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8
Q

Showing that the pipe has a writing that is wrap around to keep it heated

A

Trace-heated

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9
Q

Shows direct physical connection between two components or equipment. This can be conveyor belt.

A

Mechanical link

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10
Q

Symbolizes the transfer of electrical signals between instruments, control devices, or systems within the process plant

A

Instrument impulase

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11
Q

Indicates equipment or components that are heated using electricity

A

Electrically heated

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12
Q

Information sent from controller to pipe using electric signal

A

electrical impulse

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13
Q

Information sent from control to pipe using gas

A

Pneumatic impulse

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14
Q

____are short codes that convey further properties of
that line.

A

Line labels

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15
Q

____ are used to describe the control devices involved in a process

A

Identification letters

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16
Q

Linear motion valve used to start or stop flow of liquid. It uses a sliding gate that moves perpendicular to the flow direction to control flow

A

Gate valve

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17
Q

It has a globe-shaped body with a movable plug or disk that seats against a stationary ring to control flow

A

Globe valve

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18
Q

Is a quarter-turn valve used to control flow. It uses a spherical disc with a hole in the middle to control flow

A

Ball valve

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19
Q

Is a quarter turn valve used to regulate flow. It uses disc mounted on a rotating shaft to control flow. When disc is parallel to the flow, the valve is fully open, when its perpendicular, the valve is closed.

A

Butterfly valve

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20
Q

Linear motion valve used to regulate flow. It uses a flexible diaphragm to control flow by squeezing a flexible liner against the valve body

A

Diaphragm valve

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21
Q

Type of check valve with a swinging disc that opens and closes with flow direction, allowing flow in one direction only

A

Swing-check valve

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21
Q

One way valve used to prevent backflow. It allows liquid to flow in only direction, automatically closing to prevent reverse flow.

A

Check valve

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22
Q

A needle valve is a type of globe valve with a long, tapered, needle-shaped stem used to precisely regulate flow.

A

Needle valve

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23
Q

A valve with three ports used to control flow in multiple directions or divert flow between two different paths.

A

Three-way valve

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24
Q

Type of globe valve with an angled body design, typically used in tight space or where a right-angle turn is needed in the piping system

A

Angle valve

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25
Q

safety valve designed to open automatically to relieve pressure in a system when it exceeds a predetermined level, protecting equipment and preventing over pressurization

A

Relief valve

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26
Q

Indicate the mechanism responsible for controlling the position or operation of a valve or other control element

A

Actuator

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27
Q

Valve is manually operated by hand, usually using a handwheel, level, or similar mechanism

A

Hand-operated valve

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28
Q

Valve is normally open but will automatically close upon failure of the actuation system

A

Actuated valve fail-close

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29
Q

Valve is normally close but will automatically open upon failure of the actuation system

A

Actuated valve fail-open

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30
Q

Valve is operated by an electric solenoid. When an electric signal is applied to the solenoid, it actuates the valve to open or close

A

Solenoid operated valve

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31
Q

Valve is operated by an electric motor. The motor provides the mechanical force to open or close the valve

A

Motor operated valve

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32
Q

Valve uses a spring mechanism to regulate downstream pressure

A

Pressure reducing valve-spring

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33
Q

Valve uses a pilot control system to regulate downstream pressure

A

Pressure reducing valve-pilot

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34
Q

Valve is operated by a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder.

A

Cylinder operated valve

35
Q

Are instruments separate or detached from other instruments in a process

A

Discrete instruments

36
Q

Share functions with other instruments

A

Shared display and shared control instruments

37
Q

Instruments that are controlled by computers are under the _____

A

computer function

38
Q

Instruments that compute, relay, or convert information from data gathered from other instruments are under _____

A

Programmable logic control

39
Q

Is an instrument that functions by itself and doesn’t depend on another instrument

A

Primary instrument

40
Q

Is an instrument that is physically in the field, or the plant. Field mounted instruments are not accessible to an operator in a control room.

A

Field mounted instrument

41
Q

Is an instrument that aids another primary or auxiliary instrument

A

Auxiliary instrument

42
Q

_____ play an important role in P&IDs by allowing the
control objectives to be accomplished in a process.

A

Transmitters

43
Q

measures the physical variables (flow rates, temperature, pressure, composition,
etc.)

A

sensor

44
Q

performs the signal conversion

A

TRANSDUCER

45
Q

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR SENSORS

A
  1. Measurement Range or Span
  2. Performance and Cost
  3. Reliability
  4. Materials of Construction
  5. Prior Use
  6. Invasive or Noninvasive
  7. Potential for Releasing Process Materials to the Environment
  8. Electrical Classification
46
Q

measures the temperature of the object by direct contact between
the sensor and the object being measured (assuming thermal equilibrium)

A

Contact Sensors

47
Q

uses the Seebeck Effect. P or PID control mode. 1 degree to
2300 degrees Celcius.

A

Thermocouples

48
Q

uses an electrical signal to measure the temperature and suitable for computerized systems. Very high accuracy and precision. Above 700 degrees Celcius, it is not practical to use this

A

RTD (Resistance Temperature Detectors)

49
Q

type of RTD that operates between the exponential relationship of
the temperature and electrical resistance

A

THERMISTOR

50
Q

follows Callendar – Van Dusen Equation

A

TRADITIONAL RTD

51
Q

temperature sensor that uses infrared or optical radiation

A

Noncontact Sensors

52
Q

uses radiation or the amount of heat radiated by the body to
measure the temperature

A

Pyrometers

53
Q

pressure sensor where fluid is enclosed in a small compartment where one of the walls is
elastic. The pressure is measured by virtue of the deflection of the elastic wall.

A

Elastic Sensor

54
Q

employs the same mechanism as a elastic sensor but employing
a electrical signal.

A

Electric Sensors

55
Q

measures the level of fluid in a vessel

A

LEVEL SENSORS

56
Q

Considerations for level sensor

A
  1. You should know the amount of material that is available for processing.
  2. You should know the amount of products in the storage.
  3. You should know the operating condition.
57
Q

simplest and possibly most reliable level sensor (human input, no automation)

A

Visual

58
Q

Level sensor based on buoyancy forces

A

Float

59
Q

Type of float sensor (chain or tape, lever or shaft, magnetic) (less dense than the fluid being
measured) (on top, floating) (measured by change in position of the float)

A

Buoyancy

60
Q

Type of level sensor which is denser than the fluid being measured
does not move
measured based on change in weight of the float

A

Static

61
Q

Type of valve controlled level sensor which is spring type
cannot be used in pressurized vessels
use for water service)

A

Altitude

62
Q

Type of valve controlled level sensor which is connected to dip tube that is submerged to the tank
at atmospheric pressure only

A

Diverter

63
Q

very good for use in corrosive chemicals
very safe due to low voltage and
current, easy to install

A

Electronic

64
Q

Type of electronic level sensor which has low voltage and can be used for not corrosive liquid

A

Capacitance

65
Q

Type of electronic level sensor which can be use for very corrosive liquid

A

Conductive

66
Q

Level sensor based on the absorption or reflective ability of the material

A

Radiation

67
Q

Uses ultrasonic waves, high functionality, cannot be used for high temp and varying moisture levels

A

Ultrasonic

68
Q

Type of radiation level sensor can be used at high pressure and high temp

A

Microwave/Radar

69
Q

Radiation level sensor which uses gamma rays
used for toxic, carcinogenic or explosive chemicals

A

Nuclear

70
Q

A type of differential flow sensor which has negligible friction between fluid & orifice plate
It cant be used in multiphase fluid
Use in steam, clean liquid and gases

A

Orifice square edge

71
Q

Type of differential pressure flow sensor which can be used for low velocity, high viscosity fluid

A

Orifice conic edge

72
Q

Flow sensor use if pipe cant be straight
Insensitive to changes in velocity profile
It is much more expensive

A

Venturi

73
Q

Flow sensor that is easy to use since fluid flow is detected at one end
Cant be use in large particles

A

Pitot tube

74
Q

Flow sensor where abrasion can occur and pressure drop change
It has high-reliability, low installation cost
Can be us for clean gas, liquid, corrosive liquid

A

Turbine

75
Q

Flow sensor use in partially filled pipe and open channel
It needs to be calibrated since it is sensitive to changes

A

Ultrasonic

76
Q

Flow sensor which uses soundwaves
Use in suspended large particles since it bounce back
Applicable in viscous, dirty, corrosive liquid
>100 microns and > 100 ppm

A

Doppler

77
Q

Flow sensor can be used in clean liquid, clean gas, viscous liquid, corrosive liquid
Very cheap
Easily broken, installation is vertical

A

Rotameter

78
Q

Flow sensor where pressure drop can occur when obstruction is present
Clean gas, dirty gas, clean liquid, corrosive liquid
Use in ant pressure, temp, viscosity

A

Vortex

79
Q

Flow sensor can be use in different fluid except clean & dirty gas
Use at high pressure
Insensitive to pressure, temp, viscosity

A

Coriolis

80
Q

Ratio of max flowrate / min flowrate

A

Turndown ratio

81
Q

Turndown ratio of orifice

A

3:1

82
Q

Turndown ratio for turbine, rotameter, and venturi

A

10:1

83
Q

Turndown ratio for ultrasonic

A

50:1

84
Q

Turndown ratio for vortex, coriolis

A

80:1

85
Q

Composition sensor that is use for continuous monitoring of analysis

A

On-line

86
Q

Composition sensor that uses extraction technologies

A

Off-line

Process Dynamics & Control (7 decks)

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