Pink Unit (2) — Atoms Flashcards
Discovered by JJ Thompson, he called them corpuscles
E
These give the nucleus a positive charge
P
Makes isotopes different from each other
N
Mass equals one AMU
P & N
Found outside of the nucleus
E
Numbers of these can change
P & E & N
However, if a proton amount is changed it will change the identity of the element
Tiniest mass of all
E
No charge, electrically neutral
N
According to wave mechanics, you can never know the exact location of these only the probability
E
These two particles have the same mass
P & N
Negatively charged
E
Number never changes in an atom
P
These particles add up to an atoms mass number
P & N
Found in nucleus
P & N
Rutherford and Bohr thought these orbited the nucleus like planets around the sun
E
Charge particles
P & E
Found in energy levels
E
Positively charged
P
Mass equals 1/1840 amu
E
The number of these always equal to the atomic number
P
Carbon 12 and carbon 14 are different because of
N
Positive alpha particles were deflect it off the nuclear of gold atoms because of these
P & N
In a neutral atom, these equal the number of protons
E
Composed of smaller particles called quarks
P & N
About 1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom (or one AMU)
P & N
Came up with the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles
Democritus
Call particles átomos (uncuttables)
Democritus
Proposed law of conservation of mass
Antoine Lavoisier
Determines an elements exist as discreet pockets of matter
Dalton
Name the electrons corpuscles through the cathode ray experiment
JJ Thompson
Created the plum putting model
JJ Thompson
Discover that the entire positive charge of the atom must be concentrated in a very small area called the nucleus
Ernest Rutherford
Named protons as well as determined that most of the atom is empty space through a gold foil experiment
Ernest Rutherford
Started with Rutherford and invented the Bohr model, representing the location of electrons
Niels Henrik David Bohr
Created the quantum theory that electrons weren’t particles are waves in location could be determined only by probability. Made the cloud model.
Werner Karl Heisenberg
Came up with the name of the neutron
Chadwick
The number changes for different isotopes
N
Involved in bond formation
E
Who is the father of atomic theory?
John Dalton
Elements are composed of small indivisible particles called atoms
Dalton’s first postulate
Not accurate
Atoms of the same element are identical. atoms of different elements are different
Dalton’s second postulate
Not accurate
Atoms of different elements, combine and simple proportions to create a compound
Dalton’s third postulate
In a chemical reaction, items are not created, destroyed, or changed, only rearranged
Dalton’s fourth postulate
Electron cloud mass vs volume
.1% mass
99.9% volume
Average atomic mass
(%abundance/100) x mass
Father of the periodic table
Dmitri mendelev
Malleable
Metals
Ductile
Metals
Shiny, gray
Metals
Conductors
Metals
Usually solid at room temp
Metals
Metals mixed make ——-
Alloys
Poor conductors
Non Metals
Solids are brittle
Non Metals
Light is a form of energy and can be ——- or a ——-
Photon or energy wave
The distance between equivalent points on the wave
Wavelength
The height of a wave from origin to crest or origin to trough
Amplitude
The highest point of a wave
Crest
The lowest point of a wave
Trough
The number of waves at pass a given point per second
Frequency (v)
Upside down y
Y
Speed of light =
Wavelength x frequency
Electromagnetic spectrum
Radio, micro, infrared, visible, UV, x rays, gamma
How do you excite electrons
With heat or electricity
Once electrons gain energy, they ____ to the next ______ level
Jump
Energy
Electrons don’t want to be excited, so they fall down to the lowest energy level, and (what happens?)
Energy is released and we see color in the form of photons
What part of Dalton’s atomic theory was disproved by Thompson’s experiment?
Thompson discovered electrons, which disprove that atoms were indivisible
Which elements don’t follow the rule about valence electrons being the same and determining chemical properties
Helium and transition metals
What causes an electron to be in an excited state?
It has gained energy
