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Medicine block (Y3) > Pink summary book 3/3 > Flashcards

Pink summary book 3/3 Flashcards

1
Q

ways to raise BP

A
  • IV fluids
  • cortisol replacement e.g. addisonian crisis
  • dopamine (ITU)
    • alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist
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2
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

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3
Q

enteresto

A

neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril (inhibits the breakdown of BNP)

+

Valsartan

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4
Q

cardiac cachexia

A

severe weightloss caused by heart disease

requires nutritional supplementation

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5
Q

uppe rlove diversion

A

reflects elevation of left atrial pressuee-→ early sign of pulmonary oedema

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6
Q

kerley B lines

A

pulmonary oedema due to HF

These are thin lines 1-2 cm in length in the periphery of the lung(s). They are perpendicular to the pleural surface and extend out to it

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7
Q

atrial flutter causes

A

smoking

obesity

binge drinking

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8
Q

Atrial flutter on ECG

A

irregularly irregular

sawtooth P waves

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9
Q

why may oral diuretics not work in HF e.g. ascites

A

reduced blood conc of drug due to the drugs distributing into ascitic fluid –→ give IV fluids

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10
Q

ches pain differentials

A
  • angina
  • acs
  • MI
  • pleuritic chest pain
  • tension pneumo
  • rib fracture
  • pericarditis
  • AAA
  • PE
  • pneumonia
  • GORD
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11
Q

causes of palpitations

A

AF

hrart block

anxiety

sepsis

HTN

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12
Q

talking about palpitations in history

A

ask pt to tap out heart beat

how long do they last

does anything else happen

regular or irregular

how do you stop them

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13
Q

atrial fibrillation causes

A

alcohol hyperthryoidism

high BM

sleep apnoea

COPD

+75

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14
Q

presenic complaints in cardiology

A
  • chest pain
  • intermittent claudication
  • SOB
  • cough
  • sleep
  • oedema
  • syncope
  • palpitations
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15
Q

syncope differntials

A

low BP

vasovagal

non epileptic + epileptic

cardiac syncope

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16
Q

syncope questions

A

pre syncope

what were you doing

how did you feel before

during

do you remember it

fit?

tongue biting?

continence

after

how quick did you recover

witnessed?

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17
Q

cardiac collapse

A

sudden

spontaneous

quick recovery

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18
Q

cardiac collapse

A

sudden

spontaneous

quick recovery

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19
Q

charcots foot

A

weaking of the bones in the foot in those with neuropathy

-→ weak enough to fracture e.g. foot changes shape

→ diabetic foot

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20
Q

if joint visible in diabetic foot give

A

4-6 weeks flucloxacillin

21
Q

how does DM causes diabetic foot ulcers

A
  1. neuropathy (motor, sensory, autonomic)
  2. trauma
  3. vascular disease (microvascular and macrovascular)
22
Q

microvascular disease

A

nephropathy

neuropathy

retinopathy

23
Q

macrovascular disease

A

cerebrovascular (stroke)

cardiovascular

peripheral arterial disease

24
Q

to improve fluid in wound of diabetic foot

A

give diuretic

25
Q

fasting bloo glucose

A

2-6 mmol/l

26
Q

random bloo glucose

A

2.5-11 mmol/l

27
Q

HbA1c

A

<6.5%

28
Q

hypoglycaemia

A

<4 mmol/l

29
Q

endocrine tissue

A

pituitary

adrenal

pancreas

thyroid

30
Q

pituitary conditions

A

can be micro or macro

PP

  • DI
  • prolactinoma

AP

  • ACTH
  • acromegaly
  • TSH
31
Q

pancreas conditions

A

DM ½

32
Q

adrenal conditions

A
  • cushings
  • addisons
  • aldosteronism
  • phaechromotoma
33
Q

thyroid conditions

A

hypo and hyper thyroidims

34
Q

albinisms sign

A

lack of pigment

nystagmus

35
Q

DI can e bothq

A

central (PP) or renal (nephrogenic_

36
Q

signs of prolactinoma

A
  • galactorrhea
  • breast tenderness
  • ammenorhea
  • migraines
  • reduced libido

investigations

  • x 3 prolactin
    • MRI pit
37
Q

acromegaly

A

to measure GH measure IGF-1 (will be high due to impaired glucose tolerance)

  • do glucose tolerance test
38
Q

growth hormone defifinecy

A
  • shortened stature
  • isolated i.e. jusy GH affected
  • can affect other pit isorders
39
Q

some normal causes of low testosterone

A

increased BMI and diabetes

40
Q

if low testosterone

A

look at LH and FSH

41
Q

women with low LH/FSH may just be on the contraceptive pill

A
42
Q

pituitary tumour signs

A

bitemptoal hemianopia

hypopituitism

headache

43
Q

D2A

A

discharge to assess

44
Q

TTO

A

to take out

a form filled out for all pts being dischared

45
Q

A/W

A

admitted with

46
Q

W/R

A

ward round

47
Q

ANTT

A

antispetic non-touch technique

48
Q

TOE

A

trans oesophageal echocardiogram

Medicine block (Y3) (38 decks)

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