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Medicine block (Y3) > Pink summary book 1/3 > Flashcards

Pink summary book 1/3 Flashcards

1
Q

coffee ground vomiting (haematemesis)

A

occurs due to coagulated blood in vomit

  • alcohol abuse
  • viral hepaittis
  • fatty liver
  • cancer of oesophagus, pancreas or stomach
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2
Q

urinary retention

A
  • enlarged prostate
  • bladder obstruction (stricture, calculi)
  • constipation (DO PR)
  • infections (UTI, STI, prostatitis)
  • trauma to pelvic, urethra or penis
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3
Q

neuropathic pain ‘burning pain’

A

morphine doesnt work

what does work?

  • tramadol
  • amitriptyline
  • pre-gabalin
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4
Q

bristol stool chart

A

T1= very hard

T7= very soft

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5
Q

what is used to emasure frailty

A

clinical frailty score

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6
Q

Infectious diseases’ specific history

A
  • think about incubation period
  • fever? rigor?
  • periodicity
  • sexual history
  • IVDU? Hep B/C/ HIV
  • travel
  • occuption
  • hobbies/pet
  • prophylaxis- vaccines, antimicrobials, physical prevention
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7
Q

sexual history

A
  • how long have you been together
  • have you had unprotected sex
  • how many sexual partners
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8
Q

hepatitis disease

A

IV

  • Hep B/C

foecal oral

  • Hep A/E
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9
Q

travel history

A

last 12 months

  • where? endemic disease
  • what? what did you do e.g. water sports, river swimming
  • when? does time frame fit? e.g. falciparum has a long IP (hypnozoites sequestering in the liver)
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10
Q

pets history

A

parots and cats (toxoplasma- cat litTer)

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11
Q

Prophylaxis history

A

vasscines

anti-microbes- DEET for malaria

physical prevention - nets, sprays etc

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12
Q

systemic/ constitutional symptoms

A

caused by B cells

  • fevers
  • night sweats
  • weight loss (change)
  • fatigue
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13
Q

cardiovascular symptoms

A
  • chest pain
  • palpitations
  • dyspnoea
  • syncope
  • orthopnoea
  • peripheral oedema
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14
Q

respiratory symptoms

A
  • SOB
  • cough
  • sputum (type and when?)
  • wheeze
  • haemoptysis
  • pleuritic chest pain (sharp and well localised)
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15
Q

GU symptoms

A
  • change in urine output or colour
  • infectious symptoms
  • UI
  • obstructive symptoms
  • uraemia symptoms
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16
Q

neurological

A
  • visual
  • headache (bilateral and thunderclap)
  • motor or sensory (muscle weakness, numbness, parasthesia
  • LOC
    confusion
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17
Q

MSK symptoms

A
  • Bones and joint pain
  • muscular pain
  • trauma
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18
Q

dermatological symptoms

A

rashes and skin color change

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19
Q

dermatological symptoms

A

rashes and skin color change

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20
Q

causes of clubbing

A

portal hypertension

infective endocarditis

bronchiectasis

lung Ca

iD

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21
Q

DEFINE CLUBBING

A

Increased longitudinal and horizontal curvature of the nail and increased angle of the nail bed

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22
Q

liver flap ‘asterixis’

A

CO2 retention

uraemia

hepatic encephalopathy

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23
Q

cullens sign

A

haemorrhagic pancreatitis

  • bruising of tissue surrounding umbilical region
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24
Q

Grey-turner

A

haemorrhagic pancreatitis

  • bruising in the flanks
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25
Q

spider naevi

A

liver cirrhosis

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26
Q

glossitis

A

enlargement of tonuge

  • iron, B12, folate deficiency
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27
Q

antbiotics for osteomyelitis

A

rifampicin and vancomycin

need to penetrate the bone

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28
Q

felodipine

A

CCB for hypertension

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29
Q

PRN

A

pro re nata “as needed’

30
Q

ABG and asthma attack

A

if low O2 should also be low CO2 “blowing off”-→ due to hyperventilation

if CO2 high pt may need intubation -→ patient too tired to breathe

31
Q

montelukast

A

leukotrienes antagonist-→ asthma prophylaxis

32
Q

outline asthma exacerbation management

A
  1. SABA and ICS (nebulised)
  2. O2 if needed
  3. ipratropium bromide
  4. aminophylline + magnesium sulfate
33
Q

types of asthma exac

A

mild mod severe/life-threatening

34
Q

discharge after asthma exacerbation

A
  1. O2 stopped
  2. nebuliser stopper for 24hr
  3. no infection markers (CRP)
  4. 75% of peak flow
35
Q

opacification on CT/X-ray

A

tumour

infection

fluid

36
Q

SoB treatment

A

oromorph (morphine)- symptomatic control - palliation

37
Q

sources of potassium

A

orange

avo

strawberry

grapefruit

38
Q

name 2 SABAs

A

salbutamol

terbutaline sulfate

39
Q

carbocisteine

A

mucolytic

40
Q

spiriva

A

triotropium bromid= LAMA

41
Q

non-epileptic seizures

A

not caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain

causes

  • low blood glucose
  • dissociative seizures
  • heart problem
42
Q

CURB-65

A

confusion

urea

respiratory rate

blood pressure

>65

43
Q

ground glass opacification

A

‘hazy radiopacity, often fairly diffuse, in which the edges of pulmonary vessels may be difficult to appreciate’

  • infection
  • chronic interstitial disease
  • acute alveolar disease
44
Q

causes of pulmonary fibrosis (drug induced)

A
  • amiodarone
  • nitrofurantoin
    • bleomycin
45
Q

which system used to stage COPD

A

GOLD

46
Q

venturi valves

A
47
Q

what causes eosinophilia

A

condition most often indicates a parasitic infection, an allergic reaction, asthma or cancer

48
Q

what causes low eosinophils

A

steroids

49
Q

cough with wheeze

A

asthma

viral induced wheeze

50
Q

productive cough

A

LRTI

51
Q

productive cough

A

LRTI

52
Q

dry cough

A

allergies, TB

53
Q

hoarse voice

A

laryngitits

54
Q

hot potato bpice

A

peritonsillar abscess

55
Q

acute stridor

A

croup

foreign body

bacterial tracheitis

epiglottis

56
Q

chronic stridor

A

laryngomalacia

subglottis steroid

57
Q

if suspciious of PE e.g. high D-dimers

A

CT PA pulmonary angiogram

58
Q

controlled O2

A

principle of avoiding over oxygenation

-→ target sats will depend on underlying resp disease e.g. 88-92% for COPD

59
Q

when to do ABG

A

sats <94%

60
Q

normal breath sounds

A

vesicular

61
Q

bronchial breathing

A

harsh-sounding

pause between inspiration and expiration

→CONSOLIDATION e.g. pneumonia

62
Q

quiet breath sounds

A

reduced air entry into that region of lung e.g. pleural effusion or pneumothorax

REDUCED AIR SOUNDS rather than reduced air entry

63
Q

added sounds

A

wheeze

stridor

coarse crackles

fine end- inspiratory crackles

respiratory illness

64
Q

wheeze

A

continuous, coarse, whistling

  • asthma
  • bronchiectasis
65
Q

stridor

A

high-pitched noise breathing in (narrowe airway)

  • foreign body (acute)
    • subglottic stenosis
66
Q

coarse crackles

A

discontinuous, brief, popping sounds

  • pneumonia
  • bronchiectasis
  • pulmonary oedema
67
Q

fine end-inspiratory crackles

A

VELCRO

pulmonary fibrosis

68
Q

obstructive resp illness

A

COPD (chronic bronchitis and emphysema) and asthma

<70% FEV1/FVC ratio

69
Q

restrictive resp illness

A

ILD and scoliosis

70
Q

types of ILD

A
  • Exposure
    • drugs e.g. bleomycin
    • environment e.g. dust
  • Autoimmune related
    • RA
    • SLE
  • Idiopathic
    • idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Medicine block (Y3) (38 decks)

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