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PGS - Meteorology > Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP's) > Flashcards

Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP's) Flashcards

1
Q

PIREP - Who do pilots make PIREP’s to?

A

An FSS or ATC.

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3
Q

PIREP - Under what conditions are ATC facilities required to solicit PIREP’s from pilots?

A

Ceiling below 5000 feet or visibility at or below 5 miles

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4
Q

PIREP - What does the ATC facility or FSS do with the PIREP once it is filed?

A

Add it to the distribution system to brief other pilots and provide in-flight advisories.

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5
Q

PIREP - What does TEI stand for?

A

Text Element Indicator

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6
Q

PIREP - Name all of the PIREP TEI’s

A 
/UA Routine PIREP
(/UUA Urgent PIREP)
/OV Location
/TM Time
/FL Altitude
/TP Aircraft type
/SK Cloud Layers
/WX Visibility and Weather
/TA Air Temperature
/WV Wind
/TB Turbulence
/IC Icing
/RM Remarks
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7
Q

PIREP - Which parts of the PIREP are Mandetory?

A 
UA or UUA
/OV
/TM
/FL
/TP
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8
Q

PIREP - Which parts of the PIREP are optional?

A 
AT LEAST 1 IS REQUIRED!
/SK
/WX
/TA
/WV
/TB
/IC
/RM
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9
Q

PIREP - What makes a PIREP urgent?

A

A tornado, funnel cloud, waterspout, severe or extreme turbulence, severe icing, hail, volcanic ash, or low level wind shear.

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10
Q

A… PIREP - /OV LOCATION

What are the 3 ways to report your PIREP location?

A
  1. Direction and distance from a NAVAID.
  2. Direction and distance from an Airport.
  3. The Latitude and Longitude of the PIREP.
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10
Q

B… PIREP - /TM TIME

What does Time look like on a PIREP?

A

**/TM 0950 **

Four digits in 24 hour UTC

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10
Q

C… PIREP - ALTITUDE/FLIGHT LEVEL!

What does /FL look like on a PIREP?

A 
*****/FL018 *****
(1800 ft)
*****/FLUNKN *****
(Unknown)
*****/FLDURD *****
(During descent or on approach)
*****/FLDURC *****
(During climb or after takeoff)
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10
Q

D… PIREP - AIRCRAFT TYPE!

What does aircraft type look like on a PIREP?

A

**/TP C182 ***
or
***/TP UNKN **

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10
Q

PIREP - Which 2 Weather Types must always include the type aircraft TEI?

A

Turbulence and Icing reports

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11
Q

E… PIREP - SKY CONDITION!
What does the following mean?
**/SK BKN-OVC UNKN-TOP060/BKN120-TOP150/ SKC **

A

Broken to Overcast cloud layer starting at an UNKNOWN base height up to 6000 feet (MSL).
AND
A second layer of BROKEN cloud from 12000 feet (MSL) to 15000 feet (MSL) and clear sky above that.

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11
Q

E… PIREP - SKY CONDITION!
What does the following mean?
**/SK OVC065-TOPUNKN /RM IMC **

A

There is an overcast cloud layer from 6500 feet (MSL) to an UNKNOWN height…
The /RM IMC means the plane is in the clouds “IM in the Clouds”

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11
Q

E… PIREP - SKY CONDITION!

Regarding /SK What are the authorised contractions for cloud cover?

A 
SKC
FEW
SCT
BKN
OVC
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11
Q

E… PIREP - SKY CONDITION!

When more than one layer is reported, what do you use to separate layers in your PIREP?

A

A solidus (/).

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is the first thing you might report in this field?

A

Visibility (if reported!)

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

If reporting Visibility, how would it look on the PIREP?

A

** /WX FV03SM ***
or
*** /WX FV99SM **
(unrestricted visibility)

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What comes after VISIBILITY?

A

Flight weather types using one or more of the 34 standard surface weather reporting symbols.

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Drifting Snow/Blowing Snow

A

DRSN/BLSN

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Drifting Dust

A

DRDU

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Drifting Sand

A

DRSA

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Drizzle/Freezing Drizzle

A

DZ/FZDZ

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11
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Dust/Blowing Dust

A

DU/BLDU

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12
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Freezing Fog

A

FZFG

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13
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Freezing Rain

A

FZRA

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14
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Hail Shower

A

SHGR

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15
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Ice Pellets/Ice Pellet Showers

A

PL/SHPL

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16
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Patchy Fog

A

BCFG

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17
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Patchy Fog on part of Arpt

A

PRFG

18
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Rain/Rain Showers

A

RA/SHRA

19
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Sand/Blowing Sand

A

SA/BLSA

20
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Shallow Fog

A

MIFG

21
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What is: Sml Hail/Snow Pellet Showers

A

SHGS

22
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

Intensity of precipitation
(-)light,
( )moderate or
(+)heavy
must be indicated for all precipitation types other than WHAT?
A

Ice crystals and hail.

23
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

Intensity of obscurations must be described as ( ) or (+) for WHICH 2 TYPES OF OBSCURATIONS?

A

Dust and Sand Storms only.

24
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

What does the following mean?
/WX FV01SM +DS000-TOP083/ SKC /RM DURC

A 
Flight visibility (rounded down to) 1 Statute Mile...Heavy Dust Storm up to 8300 feet (MSL) with clear sky above that!
The observation was made during Climb.
25
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

When more than one form of precipitation is combined in the report, which type must be reported first?

A

The dominant type.

26
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

When FC is entered in /WX, WHAT is spelled out on /RM?

A

FUNNEL CLOUD!

For Example:
** /WX FC /RM FUNNEL CLOUD

27
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

When +FC is entered in /WX, WHAT is spelled out in the /RM TEI?

A

TORNADO or WATERSPOUT

For Example:
** /WX +FC /RM TORNADO or WATERSPOUT

28
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

How would you include the size of hail and where would you do so?

A

You would enter in 1/4” increments in the remarks /RM TEI.

For Example:

  • *** /RM GR1/2 **
  • *** /RM GR3/4 **
29
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

When might you use the proximity qualifier VC (Vicinity)?

A

The proximity qualifier VC (Vicinity) is only used with TS, FG, FC, +FC, SH, PO, BLDU, BLSA, and BLSN.

For Example:
** /WX FV02SM BLDU000-TOP083 VC W

30
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

When more than one type of weather is to be reported what should be the order?

A

1) TORNADO, WATERSPOUT, OR FUNNEL CLOUD
2) Thunderstorm with or without associated precipitation
3)  Weather phenomena in order of decreasing predominance.

AND

No more than three groups in a single PIREP.

31
Q

F… PIREP - VISIBILITY & WEATHER! /WX

Weather layers must be entered with the WHAT and/or WHAT of the layer when reported?

A

Their base and/or top of the layer using the same format as in the /SK TEI.

32
Q

G… PIREP - AIR TEMPETATURE! /TA

What does Air Temperature look like on a PIREP?

A 
*****/TA 08 *****
(8 degrees Celsius)
or
*****/TA M08 *****
(-8 degrees Celsius)
35
Q

H… PIREP - WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED! /WV

What does this mean on a PIREP?**/WV 28008KT **

A

Wind coming from heading 280

Wind speed 8 knots

36
Q

H… PIREP - WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED! /WV

What does this mean on a PIREP?
**/WV 28080KT **

A

Wind coming from heading 280

Wind speed 80 knots

37
Q

H… PIREP - WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED! /WV

What does this mean on a PIREP?**/WV 280105KT **

A

Wind coming from heading 280

Wind speed 105 knots

38
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB

What are the 4 things that can go into the Turbulence report on a PIREP?

A

(Duration) Intensity, type, and altitude

42
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Duration

Duration is only included if reported by the pilot!

What are the options for Duration and what would they look like on a PIREP?

A

INTMT, OCNL, CONS

** /TB INTMT LGT 040 **
(Don’t need to recall this but note to self: The above ARE in the correct order).

43
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Intensity

What are the intensity options for the turbulence section of a PIREP and what do they look like?

A

LGT, MOD, SEV, or EXTRM

Eg: ** /TB MOD­-SEV 230-­280 **

44
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB Intensity

How would you report a range of intensity (Eg light to moderate or moderate to severe)?

A

With a hyphen (-)

** /TB LGT-MOD BLO-090 **

45
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB

If turbulence was forecasted, but not encountered, what do you enter and where?

A

You would enter NEG at the end of your /TB report.

** /TB NEG 230-280 **
or
** /TB MOD CHOP 220/NEG 230-280 **

46
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB

Type

What are the two types of turbulence and how would they look on the report?

A

CAT or (CHOP if reported by the pilot)

/TB MOD CHOP 220/NEG 230­-280
/TB MOD CAT ABV 280

47
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB

What is CAT

A

Clear Air Turbulence

48
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB

What is CHOP?

A

Rhythmic Turbulence.

51
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB

Altitude.

When must you report Turbulence Altitude?

A

Report altitude only if it differs from the value reported in /FL.

52
Q

I… PIREP - TURBULENCE! /TB

Altitude.

When a layer of turbulence is reported, how are height values reported?

A

Separate height values with a hyphen. Unknown lower or upper limits are defined as BLO or ABV

For Example:

/TB MOD-­SEV BLO-080
/TB NEG 120­-180
/TB MOD CAT ABV-290

58
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

If icing was not encountered, what would you enter and how would it look on a PIREP?

A

If icing was not encountered, enter NEG

** /IC NEG 120­-180 **

59
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

What are the 3 things that go into the Icing section of a PIREP and what would the /IC TEI look like with all of them?

A

Intensity, type and altitude of icing.

EXAMPLE:

    • /IC TRACE-LGT CLR 035­-062 **
    • /IC NEG 035-062 **
60
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

Intensity!

What are the 4 contractions for /IC Intensity and how do they look on a PIREP?

A

TRACE, LGT, MOD, or SEV.

** /IC LGT RIME **

61
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

Intensity!

How would you report a range of intensity and how would it look on the PIREP?

A

You would use a hyphen.

** /IC LGT-MDT RIME **

61
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

Type!

What are the Icing Type contractions and how would they look on the PIREP?

A

RIME, CLR, or MX

EXAMPLE:

/IC LGT­-MOD MX 085
/IC LGT RIME
/IC MOD RIME BLO-095
/IC SEV CLR 035­-062

62
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

Altitude!

When must you report Icing Altitude?

A

Only if different from the value reported in the /FL TEI.

63
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

Altitude!

How would you separate a range of height for an icing layer and what would it look like on the PIREP?

A

You would use a hyphen.

EXAMPLE:

** /IC SEV CLR 035­-062 **

64
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

Altitude!

When you don’t know the base or top of an Icing Layer, how would you define it on the Icing section of the PIREP and what would it look like?

A

Use ABV or BLO when a layer is not defined.

EXAMPLE:

** /IC SEV CLR ABV-­062 **

65
Q

J… PIREP - ICING! /IC

Altitude!

When Icing is reported, which other TEI must you also always report with it?

A

When icing is reported always report temperature in the /TA TEI.

66
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

The /RM TEI is used to report any phenomenon which is considered important but does not fit in any of the other TEIs. This includes, but is not limited to WHAT?

A

Low level wind shear (LLWS),
Thunderstorm lines Coverage and movement,
Hail sizes,
Lightning,
Clouds observed but not encountered,
Geographical or local description of where the phenomenon occurred and contrails.
NOTE: Report hazardous weather first.

67
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

Wind Shear.

How is Wind shear reported?

A

Wind speed fluctuations of +/- 10 Kts or more within 2,000 Ft require an Urgent PIREP.
Enter LLWS as the first remark followed by -, +, or +/- depending on how it effects the aircraft.
If the location is different than the /OV or /FL fields, include the location in the remarks.

EXAMPLE:

/RM LLWS +/-15 KT SFC-008 DURC RY22 JFK

67
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

FUNNEL CLOUD’s, TORNADO’s, and WATERSPOUT’s are entered HOW?

A

With the direction of movement if reported.

EXAMPLE:

/RM TORNADO E MOV E

67
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

How are Thunderstorm’s reported in the /RM TEI

A

Enter coverage (ISOL, FEW, SCT, NMRS) and description (LN,BKN LN,SLD LN) if reported. Follow with “TS,” the location and movement, and the type of lightning if reported.

EXAMPLE:

/RM NMRS BKN LN TS S MOV E OCNL LTGIC GR1/2

67
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

How is Lightening reported in the /RM TEI

A

Frequency (OCNL, FRQ, CONS), followed by type (LTGIC, LTGCC, LTGCG, LTGCA, or combinations), if reported.

EXAMPLE:

/RM OCNL LTGICCG

67
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

How is Electric Discharge reported in the /RM TEI

A

Enter DISCHARGE followed by altitude.

** /RM DISCHARGE 120 **

67
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

How are Clouds reported in the /RM TEI

A

Use remarks when clouds can be seen but were not encountered and reported in /SK.

EXAMPLE:

/RM CB E MOV N
/RM OVC BLO

67
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

When might you use plain language?

A

When other phraseology is not adequate.

/RM BUMPY VERY ROUGH RIDE
/RM CONTRAILS
/RM Donner Summit Pass

67
Q

K… PIREP - REMARKS! /RM

How is Volcanic Ash reported in the /RM TEI

A

As an Urgent PIREP.
Must include as much information as possible.
Name of mountain, ash cloud and movement, height of the top and bottom etc.

EXAMPLE:

/RM VOLCANIC ERUPTION 2008Z MT AUGUSTINE ASH 40S MOV SSE

PGS - Meteorology (8 decks)

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